BIOL 226 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Carl Linnaeus, Phylogenetic Bracketing, Gm Family Ii Engine
3 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Biol226-Ch26
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Birds are more related to dinosaurs than crocodile
Phylogeny
the evolutionary history of a species or group of species
represented as evolutionary trees
how different organisms relate to one another
phylogenetic bracketing:
can predict features shared by two groups of closely related organisms are present in their
common ancestor and all of its descendant independent data indicate other wise
used for dinosaurs
use systematics a discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary
relationships
Taxonomy
how organisms are named and classified, the scientific discipline
binomial
Carolus Linnaeus
(a) The first part of a binomial is the name of the genus (plural, genera) to which the species
belongs
(b) The second part, called the specific epithet, is unique for each species within the genus
Species name italic
Genus name capitalize
Hierarchical Classification
Linnaeus also grouped them into a hierarchy of increasingly inclusive categories
Linnaeus system:
i) Family
ii) Orders
iii) Classes
iv) Phyla
v) Kingdoms
vi) Domains
Phylogenetic tree
The evolutionary history of a group of organisms can be represented in a branching diagram
Classified groups of organisms nested within more inclusive group
Based on cladograms
Miss classification:
i) over course of evolution species have lost key features shared with their close relatives
ii) Linnaeus system won’t tell us about the evolutionary relationships to one another
Branch point:
Represent the divergence of two evolutionary lineages from common ancestor
Document Summary
Birds are more related to dinosaurs than crocodile. The evolutionary history of a species or group of species. How different organisms relate to one another. Can predict features shared by two groups of closely related organisms are present in their common ancestor and all of its descendant independent data indicate other wise. Use systematics a discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships. How organisms are named and classified, the scientific discipline. Carolus linnaeus (a) the first part of a binomial is the name of the genus (plural, genera) to which the species belongs (b) the second part, called the specific epithet, is unique for each species within the genus. Linnaeus also grouped them into a hierarchy of increasingly inclusive categories. Linnaeus system: family, orders, classes, phyla, kingdoms, domains. The evolutionary history of a group of organisms can be represented in a branching diagram. Classified groups of organisms nested within more inclusive group.
