BIOL 382 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Succulent Plant, Hemolymph, Xanthine
Document Summary
Animals tend to gain salts and lose water. Animals tend to lose salts and gain water. Many animals move between environments and must be able to alter homeostatic mechanisms. Ionoconfirmer: little control over the solute profile in its extracellular space. Osmoconformer: osmolarity of the extracellular fluid is imposed by the environment. Ionoregulator: controls the levels of most ions. Osmoregulator: maintains internal osmolarity within a narrow range. A stenohaline organism can only tolerate a narrow range of salinity, while a euryhaline organism can tolerate a wide range. Water generated as a result of oxidative phosphorylation. Solutes are distinguished by their effects on macromolecules: perturbing, disrupt macromolecular function, na+, k+, cl-, so4+, charged amino acids. Marine osmoconforming ionoregulator: organic compatible and counteracting solutes to reduce ions. When osmolarity changes, osmoconformers change concentration of organic solutes, ion concentration remains constant. Osmoregulators also have na+ and cl-, but at 30% of that of seawater. Gain ions and lose water across gills.
