EDUC 240 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Descriptive Knowledge, Procedural Knowledge, Process Theory
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2009): learning is a persisting change in human performance or performance potential as a result of experience. (driscoll, 2000). Learner no longer has to think deliberately and consciously about the sounds associated with letter combinations or the meaning of individual words: comprehension increases as working memory no longer has to perform the conscious tasks mentioned above. Procedural knowledge: learner has mastered the task & performance is automatic & habitual. Definition: the way an individual gathers, processes and evaluates information during the learning process. According to kolb (1984), there are four ways in which individuals gain experience (and learn): concrete experience (ce, abstract conceptualization (ac, reflective observation (ro, active experimentation (ae) A learning theory consists of a set of propositions and constructs that attempt to explain how change in behaviour (learning) is achieved. Reinforcement: application of a positive stimulus after an act. removal of a negative stimulus after an act. Punishment: receiving a negative consequence for an undesirable act.
