INTE 398 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Indirect Costs, Sub-Saharan Africa
5 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Ffar 291/Inte 298 – Intro HIV Class
Lesson 1 Notes
1.1 Introduction Video
Where's HIV/AIDS today?
An overview of the scope of HIV infection & transmission today - as well as how we are
facing the challenge
Gives us wide length at whats happening w hiv/aids today
Most of time think about particular parts or world or particular periods in time
In most ppl's minds, hiv/aids is smth that happened and its over BUT its very real & present
The impact that its had in a variety of diff realms like med, legal, social, within diff
communities and diff parts of the world - still felt & still shapes a lot of decision making
today
Global Figures
Numbers are fairly recent (apprx 2 yrs)
Near 37 million ppl living w hiv globally in 2014 - now over 37
Around half (16 mil) have access to med to help them w the impact
15.8 mil ppl living w hiv were accessing antiretroviral therapy as of june 2015
-Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the combination of several antiretroviral medicines
used to slow the rate at which hiv makes copies of itself (multiplies) in the body. A
combination of 3 or more antiretroviral medicines is more effective than using just
one medicine (monotherapy) to treat hiv
17.1 il ppl liig hi do’t ko they are liig the irus
Who's living w hiv?
Depends where in the world
Lot of ppl associate hiv w gay men (or men that have sex w other men)
In Americas (N and S) - majority of ppl w hiv are men who have sex w men
But those regios do’t hae lots i coo
If look at other parts of the world, not common that ppl w hiv are gay men
In subsaharian africa, young women BY FAR make up the majority of ppl of cases
Ppl who inject drugs = majority of cases in Eastern Europe & Russia
Typical person w hiv is gonna look and live very diff
If go deeper and look country by country or region by region, numbers would be more
complex and patterns harder to discern
Ex. diff btwn northern and southern USA & same w Eastern & Western Canada
The challenges of AIDS
Looking at this w interdisciplinary approach bc living w hiv 35 yrs or more after virus first
identified
Part of that bc this is more than just med prob
-Med vs social - med and social prob so need diff ways to address this solution
-Local vs global - diffs in diff regions vs global pic
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
-Care vs advocacy - how do we devote our energy & resources so whether we pay
attention to the health care of ppl living w hiv or whether we advocate on behalf of
ppl who are at risk has huge impacts on prison structures, legal structures, in gvt and
policy decision-making from place to place
-Health vs security - whether we think of public health as a collective responsibility or
privacy and security as main focus on how make decisions on hiv aids has real impacts
on ppl
-Rights vs responsibility - impact on rights*
All issues have profound impact on funding, resource allocation**
This framework goes WAY beyond do we have doctors, do we have med teams, do we have
clinics, a "cure"
Diff perspectives, diff ways of being at looking at this globally
Priorities diff on whether living in Eastern Europe or Subsaharian Africa in terms of resource
allocation, types of health care available, what sorts of policy are in place
1.2 AIDS by the Numbers Reading
UNAIDS - source
Ending the aids epidemic by 2030 - part of sustainable dev goals
Huge progress made since 2000 - mils of lives saved
But still lots of milestones to reach and barriers to break as they want to end the epidemic
as a public health threat
About 5700 new HIV infections a day
-About 66% in sub-Saharan Africa
-About 400 are among children < 15 yrs
-About 5300 among adults > 15 yrs - 47% women; 35% young ppl (15-24); 20% young
women (15-24)
1.8 mil children < 15 yrs living w HIV (2015)
Out of 37 mil w HIV, 19 mil are in Eastern & Southern Africa & about 25-26 mil = AFRICA
Middle East & North Africa = the LEAST amount of newly infected ppl & deaths (after them
it's North Am)
1.3 Treatment Video
Accessing Treatment
Easiest way to talk about impact of hiv currently is to think bout how many how accessing
treatment and how many cases we are dealing w on an annual basis
35% decrease in new hiv infections since 2000
42% decrease in aids-related deaths since the peak in 2004
58% decrease in new hiv infections among children since 2000
Children born to hiv+ parents, not those that have hiv thru other means
TRULY reduced number of kids born to hiv+ parents
84% increase in access to antiretroviral therapy since 2010
HUGE increase
Low & Middle Income Countries
Very slight diff btwn low and middle income countries graphs
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
An overview of the scope of hiv infection & transmission today - as well as how we are facing the challenge. Gives us wide length at whats happening w hiv/aids today. Most of time think about particular parts or world or particular periods in time. In most ppl"s minds, hiv/aids is smth that happened and its over but its very real & present. The impact that its had in a variety of diff realms like med, legal, social, within diff communities and diff parts of the world - still felt & still shapes a lot of decision making today. Near 37 million ppl living w hiv globally in 2014 - now over 37. Around half (16 mil) have access to med to help them w the impact. 15. 8 mil ppl living w hiv were accessing antiretroviral therapy as of june 2015.
