PHIL 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Straw Man, Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc, Modus Tollens
12 Oct 2017
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Lecture 4 fallacies - when arguments turn bad. Ad hominem: aka arguments against the man, it is choosing to attack the person making the argument rather than addressing the points raised in the argument itelf. Affirming the consequent: an invalid argument in the form of if p then q (premise 1), Q is true (premise 2), therefore p is true (conclusion) this invalid form is often confused with the valid form modus ponens. Equivocation: a fallacy that involves changing the definition of terms in different premises or conclusions of a single argument. Evidential fallacies: an argument that fails to show its conclusion to be reasonably likely because the state of information is too weak to support the conclusion. Fallacies: unreliable methods of reasoning (either accidental or intentional) that result in faulty argumentation. False dichotomy: the dilemma of suggesting that there are only two options left when in fact, many other options exist.
