POLI 205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Wall Street Crash Of 1929, Otto Von Bismarck, Archduke Franz Ferdinand Of Austria
15 Jun 2018
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POLI206
From Westphalia till the Second World War
The Thirty Years War (1618-48) ended with the Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
The treaty established the current Westphalian system of sovereign nation-states.
The Napoleonic wars (1803-15) featured the complete submission and occupation of defeated
countries.
The Treaty of Vienna (1815) between Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain and France established the
Concert of Europe, whereby the great powers would cooperate to maintain peace and order in Europe.
The Quadruple Alliance created a collective security arrangement against France.
The industrial revolution began in Britain around 1760, and transformed manufacturing, transportation
and communications globally.
Britain became the global hegemon (1815-1914)
Led by Chancellor Otto Von Bismark Prussia unified the German states as the German Empire in 1871
The Bismarckian system of alliances would keep Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Italy together
while isolating France
But the Bismarckian system fell apart due to clashes of interest between Austria-Hungary and Russia in
the Balkans
The main objective of European alliances changed from containment of France and Russia to
containment of Germany.
Two hostile alliances emerged: the Triple alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) vs the Triple
Entente (Britain, France, Russia)
The First World War (1914-18) started when Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a
Serb nationalist in Sarajevo.
• Austria declared war on Serbia, Russia on Austra, Germany on Russia and France on Germany.
• The Ottoman empire and Bulgaria joined Germany and Austria-Hungary as the Central Powers.
• Italy remained neutral and later joined the Triple Entente.
• The United States entered the war in 1917, two years after the deliberate torpedoing of the
passenger ship Lusitania by a German submarine.
• After the November 1017 socialist revolution, Russia withdrew from the war in March 1918,
surrendering one-third of its European territory to Germany.
• 32 countries from six continents fought in the First World War.
• World war I killed nearly 10 million soldiers (64,944 Canadians) and 7 million civilians (2,000
Canadians).
• Nearly 21 million people were injured.
• The 1919 Treaty of Versailles was very punitive.
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Document Summary
The thirty years war (1618-48) ended with the treaty of westphalia (1648) The treaty established the current westphalian system of sovereign nation-states. The napoleonic wars (1803-15) featured the complete submission and occupation of defeated countries. The treaty of vienna (1815) between austria, prussia, russia, britain and france established the. Concert of europe, whereby the great powers would cooperate to maintain peace and order in europe. The quadruple alliance created a collective security arrangement against france. The industrial revolution began in britain around 1760, and transformed manufacturing, transportation and communications globally. Led by chancellor otto von bismark prussia unified the german states as the german empire in 1871. The bismarckian system of alliances would keep germany, austria-hungary, russia, and italy together while isolating france. But the bismarckian system fell apart due to clashes of interest between austria-hungary and russia in the balkans. The main objective of european alliances changed from containment of france and russia to containment of germany.
