PSYC 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: My Strange Addiction, Circadian Rhythm, Jet Lag
14 Jun 2018
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• Whe the ody deiates fro these ideal leels, automatic reactions
begin to restore equilibrium.
o Ex) Increase in body temp → sweat → decrease in body temp
PSYC 200 Chapter 9: Motivation & Emotion
Video: Pica Disorder
• Motivated to eat weird objects
• Autistic Son → weird eating habits → grass, dirt, crayons, shampoo
• My strange addiction → ppl eating glass or pillow cushions
• Mineral deficiencies & mental disorders
Defining Motivation
• Motivation: Dynamics of behaviour that initiate, sustain, direct, and terminate actions
o Ex) Scenario: action/motivation initiated when she feels hungry; sustained when
stomach growls; directed when goes to vending machine/drives home;
terminates when hunger is satisfied
Iagie Mary is studyig psyhology i the lirary.
She begins to feel hungry and cannot concentrate. Her stomach growls.
She decides to buy a snack from the vending machine but it is broken.
Marcy drives home, where she ooks a eal ad eats it. At last her huger is satisfied.
Model of Motivation
• Model of how motivated activities work:
o Need: Internal deficiency that may energize behaviour (ex. stomach is empty)
o Drive: Energized motivational state (ex., experience of hunger; activates
response)
o Response: Action or series of actions designed to attain a goal
o Goal: Target/objective of motivated behaviour (ex. to feel satisfied)
o Ex) Fasting – have the need for nutrients b/w stomach is empty; but no drive to
go into energized motivated state
Types of Motivation
• Primary Motive: Innate motives based on biological needs that must be met for survival
(ex. motivation to eat)
o Stimulus Motive: Innate needs for stimulation and information (to explore the
environment)
• Learned Motive: Based on learned needs, drives, and goals (ex. perform well on test)
Primary Motives & Homeostasis
• Biological drives are essential because they maintain homeostasis.
• Homeostasis: A steady state of bodily equilibrium (main goal)
• Optimal levels exist for body temperature, for chemicals in the blood, for blood
pressure, etc.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Circadian Rhythms
• Circadian Rhythms: Cyclical changes in bodily functions and arousal levels that vary on a
24-hr schedule
o Ex) Image – Body Temp
▪ If measured throughout day (circadian rhythm)
▪ Body temp lowest 2 to 3hours before waking up
• If lowest @ 6 am → should wake up at 9
• Asking teens to wake up @ lowest body temp time
(6am) → function less/feel jet-lagged
▪ Chernobyl & 3 Mile Island happened around 4 am
• Preadaptation: Gradual matching of sleep-waking cycles to a new time schedule before
an anticipated circadian rhythm change (ex. trying to adjust to new time zone to avoid
jet lag) → so core body temp will gradually change
Brain Mechanisms
• Hypothalamus: Brain structure; regulates many aspects of motivation and emotion,
including hunger, thirst, and sexual behaviour
o Different parts of hypothalamus affected based on how hungry/tired we are
• Feeding System:
o Area in hypothalamus that when stimulated initiates eating
o Activated by the hormone Ghrelin
• Satiety System:
o Area in the hypothalamus that terminates eating
o Activated by the hormone Leptin
• Ex) Sleep deprived (increase ghrelin, less leptin) → hungrier for sugary foods
o Lack executive functioning/less likely to inhibit our actions (higher-order decision
making)
Eating & Hunger
• Internal Eating Cues: Stomach growling
• External Eating Cues: Any external stimulus that tends to encourage hunger or elicit
eating.
o Tend to eat more when food is attractive and easily available
o Herman and Polivy @ UofT studied the effect of the presence of others on food
intake → External cues of people
▪ Social Facilitation Effect: people eat more & longer when in groups
▪ Modelling: People eat more when their companions eat more.
▪ Impression Management: If people believe they are being observed or
evaluated while they eat, they eat less.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Table: Different types
o Restricting VS Binging (Bulimia)
▪ Binging → Purging VS Non-Purging
▪ Can have anorexia w/ binge eating
o 1 criteria not listed → impacts (-) negatively in daily life
Image: Misalignment in perception in regards to
current & ideal weight (inaccurate)
Other Factors in Hunger
• Cultural Values: The importance and desirability of various objects and activities as
defined by people in a given culture.
• Diet: The types/amounts of food/drink regularly consumed over a period of time.
• Metabolic Rate: The rate at which energy is consumed by bodily activity
• Variables that are multideterminant are difficult to study
Eating Disorders
• Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DMS) – to diagnose psychological disorders – updated
o Used to be very either/or, BUT is a continuum (not fitting them into a box)
• Anorexia Nervosa: Active self-starvation or a sustained loss of appetite that has
psychological origins
• Bulimia Nervosa: Excessive eating (gorging) usually followed by self-induced vomiting
and/or taking laxatives
• Causes:
o Exaggerated fears of becoming fat – weight (anorexia)
o Obsessed with food AND weight (bulimia)
o Allows a sense of control
o Reproductive Suppression Hypothesis: women are more prone to anorexia
because during evolution dieting was used to suppress reproduction in the face
of poor conditions → so did’t get period/at reprodue
▪ As recording more → realizig geder gap is’t as ig as thought
• Treatment:
o Treatment for anorexia usually begins with a medical diet to restore weight and
health (NOT ENOUGH)
o Next, a psychologist may help patients work on emotional conflicts.
o CBT → Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: focuses on changing the thinking
patterns and beliefs about weight and body shape (then behaviour will reflect)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chapter 9: motivation & emotion: motivated to eat weird objects, autistic son weird eating habits grass, dirt, crayons, shampoo, my strange addiction ppl eating glass or pillow cushions, mineral deficiencies & mental disorders. She begins to feel hungry and cannot concentrate. She decides to buy a snack from the vending machine but it is broken. Marcy drives home, where she (cid:272)ooks a (cid:373)eal a(cid:374)d eats it. Circadian rhythms: circadian rhythms: cyclical changes in bodily functions and arousal levels that vary on a. 24-hr schedule: ex) image body temp. If measured throughout day (circadian rhythm: body temp lowest 2 to 3hours before waking up. Impression management: if people believe they are being observed or evaluated while they eat, they eat less. Table: different types: restricting vs binging (bulimia, binging purging vs non-purging. Can have anorexia w/ binge eating: 1 criteria not listed impacts (-) negatively in daily life. Image: misalignment in perception in regards to current & ideal weight (inaccurate)
