BIOC 4403 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Comparative Genomics, Fot
23 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Comparative genomics the study of the differences and similarities in genome structure and organization in different organisms. By recording and analyzing differences in genomes in the light of a phylogenetic framework, we can study how genomes changed over time, and hosw those changes related to the observed biological diversity. A mutation is acted on by natural selection and drift/sorting/luck which leads to evolution. In this case, mutation = anything that generates variation at the genome level. Process (cid:314) change/effect: polyploidy (cid:314) whole genome duplication, segmental/chromosomal duplications (cid:314) other large scale duplications, chromosomal rearrangements (cid:314) gene shuffling", gene order alterations, retroviral insertions (cid:314) mutagenesis, gene shuffling, transposition (cid:314) changes in genome seize, shuffling. There are factors that are not generators of variation per se but create conditions that are conductive to genome evolution. Exposure to pathogens (cid:314) also affect population structure, favour fixation of low- frequency genomic changes.
