BIOL 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Red Algae, Embryophyte, Charophyta

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Plants and the Colonization of Land
January 6, 2015
Importance of Plants:
1. Energy: food
2. Energy: fossil fuels
3. Clothing
4. Drugs, medicine
5. Ecosystem functioning
6. Biodiversity
Botany the study of plants
Evolution
Ecology (community and population)
Molecular genetics
Mathematical modeling
Morphology
Anatomy
Physiology
Cell biology
Systematics
Development
Overview: Greening of Earth
It is difficult to imagine a landscape without plants or organisms
For more than the first 3 billion years, terrestrial surface was lifeless
Since colonizing, plants have diversified into 290,000 living species
Plants supply oxygen and are the ultimate source of most food eaten by land
animals
1 mm
Red algae
Chlorophytes
Charophytes
Embryophytes
ANCESTRAL
ALGA
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Plantae
What is a plant?
plastids
This
class
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Document Summary

Importance of plants: energy: food, energy: fossil fuels, clothing, drugs, medicine, ecosystem functioning, biodiversity. Botany the study of plants: evolution, ecology (community and population, molecular genetics, mathematical modeling, morphology, anatomy, physiology, cell biology, systematics, development. Photosynthetic eukaryotes: plants and red algae, primary endosymbiosis: non photosynthetic eukaryote engulfed, other eukaryotes photosynthetic cyanobacteria, secondary endosymbiosis: nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed , cyanobacterium, green alga, red alga. Plants split from red algae around 1500 million years ago. (cid:498)oxygen revolution(cid:499) led to more photosynthesis and more plants. Features of 2 phylogeny: ancestors of land plants, charophytes are closest relatives that support both nuclear and chloroplast genes, land plants are not descended from modern charophytes but share a common ancestor. Contain: cell plate and phragmoplast, plasmodesmata, sperm structure, peroxisome enzymes, rose-shaped cellulose synthesizing complexes. Chlamydomonas is a single cell green alga without alternation of generations. A zygote delays meiosis and instead divides and grows. This process arose independently in evolution several times.

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