BIOL 1030 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Pyrimidine, Purine, Uracil
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13 Mar 2018
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Biol 1030 lecture 16 dna transcription and translation. Rna : ribonucleic acid is a polymeric molecule in genes, rna is a single helix, ribose sugar, thymine is absent, sum of purine bases is not equal to sum of pyrimidine bases. Dna : deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that contains genetic information, dna is a double helix, deoxyribose sugar, uracil is absent, resistance to hydrolysis by alkali, sum of purine bases is equal to sum of pyrimidine bases. It is the synthesis of rna using the information in the dna: dna strands provides a template for making a new rna, messenger rna contains genetic message from the dna. It is an enzyme: pries the two strands of dna apart. Initiation : rna polymerase binds to the promotor, dna strands unwind, polymerase initiates rna synthesis. Elongation : polymerase moves downstream, dna strands unwind, elongation of rna, dna strands re-form a double helix structure.
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QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:
A. contain DNA organized by histones. |
B. contain usually one, circular chromosome. |
C. contain plasmid DNA. |
D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus. |
QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:
A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine. |
B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine. |
C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine. |
D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil. |
QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:
A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule. |
B. has a 3' to 5' directionality. |
C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose. |
D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A. |
QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.
A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine. |
B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not. |
C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate. |
D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases. |