MICI 2100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Extrachromosomal Dna, Antimicrobial Resistance, Pilus

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Mici 2100 lecture 5 september 18, 2018. Learning outcomes: differentiate among the mechanisms that bacteria acquire or develop new genetic information leading to new phenotypes (competence, conjugation, transduction, mutation) How do bacteria become genetically resistant to antibiotics: spread of resistance genes through genetic transfer events. Plasmids and conjugation (primarily: transformation (via competence) Naked or free dna naturally taken up from the environment and assimilated into the genome. Conjugation is the transfer of genes from one prokaryotic cell to another by a mechanism involving cell: mutation (heritable changes in dna sequence) to cell contact (very fast and efficient) Some bacteria are referred to as genetically resistant, meaning that they are able to encode for resistance. This differs from a biofilm, a physical barrier of sugars, creating a gradient. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through genetic transfer events. Plasmids are small, extrachromosomal dna molecules that encode information. Bacteria have became good at exchanging plasmid amongst other bacteria.

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