NURS 2200 Lecture Notes - Rhonchi, Crackles, Fremitus
11 Apr 2013
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Heard over trachea and larynx (near sterna notch) Caused by air leading from lung into subq tissue. Air bubbling thru moisture in alveoli or collapsed alveoli popping open. Sounds like: velcro (coarse), roll hair by ear (fine) Diminished: fluid trapped outside lung, emphysema, pneumothorax, asthma, pleural effusion. Increased: fluid inside lungs = consolidation, pneumonia or tumor. If these are found could be: consolidation, pulmonary edema/hemorrhage, pneumonia/ atelectasis, tumor. Onset before 40, no smoking, no sputum, spirometry normalizes, After 40, smoker, sputum, spirometry never normalizes, progressive, pft: exacerbation - normal. Pulmonary htn, right sided ventricular enlargement decreased fev.
