PSYO 1021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Neuroanatomy, Chronic Pain, Synaptic Plasticity
27 Jun 2018
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Chapter 5 outline – sleeping and dreaming, hypnosis
Sleeping and dreaming
Introduction
Conscious experience of sleep is nothing but it is a very active process (EEG shows this)
Awareness of the outside world is reduced in sleep but not completely absent
Still able to attend to relevant stimuli =
Ex: Prof can sleep through construction but if the dog barks and is sick she will wake up
= brain is still doing a lot
research suggest able to track time while sleeping
most of our sleep follows different cycles
Circadian rhythms >24
Follows a 24-hour variation in physiological processes (daily-sleep wake cycle)
Physiological process- body temperature, hormones, alertness- vary on a circadian basis
Temperature
Body temperature decreases when you go to sleep
Increase when you wake up
If your too warm, hard to fall asleep
Hormones - melatonin
Melatonin increases as you go to sleep
Decreases when you wake up
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Some people who have trouble falling asleep take melatonin before bed
Alertness
Lowest as you go to bed
Increases as you wake up throughout the middle of the day then starts decreasing
Free running rhythms
Rhythms without time clues
Body follows this without time clues
Cycles are generated within the brain = “endogenous ryhtms”
Ex: Rats without light clues would run on their wheels at 7 am each day
Artic where there is 24 darkness, 24h light
Humans that lived in a temple went to bed at the same time (bit bigger than 24h time)
= maintain this cycle without time clues because its regulated by the body
Proof: Jetlag – your body isn’t ready for sleep when night time comes because its regulated to a
time of its own that doesn’t represent you time period
Ultradian rhythms =sleep cycle
Different than the other because cycle is repeated in less than 24 hours
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Sleep cycles are repeated every 90 mins (the whole process is 90 mins)
5 different stages of sleep:
Stages are defined by:
- Level of arousal (how easy to it is to wake person up, how much noise)
- Brain wave pattern (by EEG)
= Some people don’t need alarms to wake up because of constant sleep patterns and easiest to
wake up if you are at the smaller stages
Might wake up throughout the night as you finish a cycle
Categorized as REM sleep and non-REM sleep
First 4 steps are non-rem sleep, last step is rem sleep
Acoustic arousal threshold
1. Stage 1
Less deep sleep than stage 4 (less loud noise to wake you up)
= when you first fall asleep, still a bit responsive to stimuli
Don’t need a lot of stimuli to wake you up
Lasts 5-7 mins, then stage 2
2. Stage 2
Deeper sleep, requires more sensory stimulation to wake the person up
short period of time until moving on to stage 3
3. Stage 3
...
4. Stage 4
Go back to stage 3 -2-1, after stage 1 reoccurs, go into REM sleep
Dreams in these stages are different than in REM stages, more like thinking…
REM sleep – rapid eye movement (15-20% of sleep)
- Eyes are moving quickly under pupils
- First rem sleep of the night only 8-10 minutes
- Amount of time in rem sleep increases with each cycle= non rem is shorter
- Dreaming occurs mostly during rem sleep
= most intense, vivid and weird dreams occur during REM sleep
Woken up during rem sleep – that’s when you’re most likely remember dreaming
** Diagram shows
Orange line is longer in the further stages
More lines for eye movement
More blue dreaming
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chapter 5 outline sleeping and dreaming, hypnosis. Conscious experience of sleep is nothing but it is a very active process (eeg shows this) Awareness of the outside world is reduced in sleep but not completely absent. Still able to attend to relevant stimuli = Ex: prof can sleep through construction but if the dog barks and is sick she will wake up. = brain is still doing a lot research suggest able to track time while sleeping most of our sleep follows different cycles. Follows a 24-hour variation in physiological processes (daily-sleep wake cycle) Physiological process- body temperature, hormones, alertness- vary on a circadian basis. Body temperature decreases when you go to sleep. If your too warm, hard to fall asleep. Some people who have trouble falling asleep take melatonin before bed. Increases as you wake up throughout the middle of the day then starts decreasing. Cycles are generated within the brain = endogenous ryhtms .
