ACC120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: General Ledger, Paper Trail, Accounts Payable

ACC120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: General Ledger, Paper Trail, Accounts Payable

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Source documents provide evidence that a business transaction has occurred. Most common types of source documents are usually associated with accounts payable and accounts receivable. Source documents include purchase orders, sales invoices, cash receipts and contracts. Source documents are used to update accounting records. The information is eventually put into a trial balance, the purpose of this is to ensure that all debits equal all credits. Source documents journal general ledger trial balance financial reports. After the source documents have been received the next step is to record the transaction in journal format. Transactions that occur regularly are kept in a special journal, in order to save time. Sales journal: this journal is used to record all sales made on account. Purchases journal: this journal is similar to a sales journal, but is used to record all purchases made on account.

Record (journalize) transactions in the books) Doherty Tree Cellular, Inc.,
completed the following transactions during April 2012, its first month of operations:

Apr 1	Received $19,800 and issued common stock.
2	Purchased $200 of office supplies on account.
4	Paid $14,300 cash for land to use as a building site.
6	Performed service for customers and received cash of $2,600.
9	Paid $100 on accounts payable.
17	Performed service for UFax on account totaling $1,900.
23	Collected $100 from UFax on account.
30	Paid the following expenses: salary, $1,900; rent, $1,300.

1.Record the transactions in the journal of Doherty Tree Cellular, Inc. Key transactions by date and include an explanation for each entry.

CLASS, LETS TAKE RECORDING STEP 1 STEP FURTHER - THE TRIAL BALANCE

Now that we know what the accounting equation is and we have some experience with Journal Entries.

Letâs review the process and take the recording process one step further.

STEP 1) Analyze transaction: As an actual accountant, we determine if a transaction should be recorded by analyzing source documents.

For example: If the Company makes a sale; they will complete a sales document (or sales
tape is generated). If the Company purchases something a purchase invoice is forwarded to Accounting. There is a different type of source documents for different types of transactions.

Note: as an accountant a large part of the battle is making sure there is a source document for all transactions and that all departments capture and forward these documents to Accounting!

STEP 2) Accounting prepares journal entry: for each transaction based on GAAP. (Mostly using the constraints, assumptions, principles we've discussed: materiality, conservatism, matching, revenue recognition, etc).

The entry is entered into a Journal for those types of Transactions (There is a Sales Journal, A/P Journal for purchases, Payroll journal for payroll related entries, General Journal for misc. entries., etc.

Journal entries are made in the proper form, and include: date, description, indent of credit side of each entry.

STEP 3) The Journal entry is posted to General ledger; which includes all activity for all accounts.

However, the recording process is not over. Letâs talk about the trial balance. Please answer ALL however only post ONE question at a time to allow more to participate.

1) Why do we prepare it?

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PLEASE FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONSâ

Assignment: Special Journals: Sales and Cash Receipts (12 Points)

Prepare a cash receipts journal based on the information given below and post it to the Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger.

On Nov 17, Ms. Don & Co. received $1,450 from Gians Graze to apply on account. The source document for this transaction is Receipt 30.

Instructions:

1. Prepare a sales journal entry based on the information given above and post it to the Accounts Receivable General Ledger account and to the Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger. (Use November 7 for this transaction date.) ***This is the same entry that you made for the previous assignment. However, use the transaction date given (Nov. 7).

2. Enter the above transaction (Nov 17) into the Cash Receipts Journal and post it to the Accounts Receivable General Ledger account and to the Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger.

3. Prepare a Schedule of Accounts Receivable and check to see that the total agrees with the Accounts Receivable ledger account.

			Sales Journal
Date	Doc. No.	Customer's Account Name	Post Ref.	Sales Credit	Sales Tax Payable Credit	Accounts Receivable Debit

				Cash Receipt Journal
Date	Doc. No.	Account Name	Post Ref.	Sales Credit	Sales Tax Payable Credit	Account Receivable Credit	Sales Discount Credit	Cash in Bank Debit

	Ms. Don & Co. Schedule of Accounts Receivable November 30, 20xx
Account Name	Amount


Total Accounts Receivable		$

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2.5. Match the following terms with their definitions.

Term

_____a. dataprocessing cycle

_____b. source documents

_____c. turnaround documents

_____d. source data automation

_____e. general ledger

_____f. subsidiary ledger

_____g. control account

_____h. coding

_____i. sequence code

_____j. block code

_____k. groupcode

_____l. mnemonic code

_____m. chart ofaccounts

_____n. general journal

_____o. specialized journal

_____p. audittrail

_____q. entity

_____r. attribute

_____s. field

_____t. record

_____u. datavalue

_____v. master file

_____w. transactionfile

_____x. database

_____y. batchprocessing

_____z. online, real-time processing

Definition

1. Contains summary-level data for every asset, liability, equity,revenue, and expense account

2. Items are numbered consecutively to account for all items; missingitems cause a gap in the numerical sequence

3. Path of a transaction through a data processing system from pointof origin to final output, or backward from final output to pointof origin

4. List of general ledger account numbers; allows transaction data tobe coded, classified, and entered into proper accounts; facilitatespreparation of financial statements and reports

5. Contents of a specific field, such as âGeorgeâ in a name field

6. Portion of a data record that contains the data value for aparticular attribute, like a cell in a spreadsheet

7. Company data sent to an external party and then returned to thesystem as input

8. Used to record infrequent or nonroutine transactions

9. Characteristics of interest that need to be stored

10. Thesteps a company must follow to efficiently and effectively processdata about its transactions

11. Something about which information is stored

12. Storescumulative information about an organization; like a ledger in amanual AIS

13. Contains detailed data for any general ledger account with manyindividual subaccounts

14. Contains records of individual business transactions that occurduring a specific time period

15. Updating each transaction as it occurs

16. Devicesthat capture transaction data in machine-readable form at the timeand place of their origin

17. Used torecord large numbers of repetitive transactions

18. Set ofinterrelated, centrally coordinated files

19. Two ormore subgroups of digits are used to code items

20. Updating done periodically, such as daily

21. Systematic assignment of numbers or letters to items to classifyand organize them

22. Lettersand numbers, derived from the item description, are interspersed toidentify items; usually easy to memorize

23. Initialrecord of a transaction that takes place; usually recorded onpreprinted forms or formatted screens

24. Fieldscontaining data about entity attributes; like a row in aspreadsheet

25. Sets ofnumbers are reserved for specific categories of data

26. Thegeneral ledger account corresponding to a subsidiary ledger, wherethe sum of all subsidiary ledger entries should equal the amount inthe general ledger account

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