BIOL 1115 Lecture Notes - Lactic Acid, Exercise Intensity, Bronchus

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10 May 2013

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The respiratory system consists of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. With branching supportive cartilage is gradually replaced by smooth muscle. They are small, thin walled sacs that have capillary bed in their walls. They are sites of gas molecules that exchange between air and blood. Alveoli have high surface area, with very thin cell walls to allow for better exchange. Contraction and relaxation of bronchi constrict or dilates the bronchioles which have affect on the airway resistance. Lungs contains conducting airways, alveoli, blood vessels, and elastic tissue. The boyle"s law explains the pressure is inversely proportional to its volume. Air moves according to the pressure differences. Air will move from high pressure to low pressure. Inspiration is an active process when the diaphragm descends and the muscle that surrounds the ribs are contracting thus increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity which decrease the pressure inside the lungs dropping it 1-2 mm hg.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

Cellular respiration uses________to produce energy and releases ________as a waste product.

		O₂; CO₂
		CO₂; O₂
		ATP; G3P
		G3P; ATP

5 points

QUESTION 2

Select all of the following that compose the conducting pathways in the respiratory system.

		nasal cavity
		Pharynx
		Larynx
		Trachea
		Bronchi
		Alveoli

5 points

QUESTION 3

Match each structure with its' function.

- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Nasal Cavity
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Alveoli
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Larynx
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Trachea
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Bronchi
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Bronchioles
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Pharynx

A.	Throat
B.	Very small branches of bronchi within the lungs.
C.	Larger branching passages for air within the lungs.
D.	Location of gas exchange with the blood.
E.	Carries air from larynx and branches into bronchi.
F.	Location of the voice box, earliest location where only air passes.
G.	Carry air into the pharynx, earliest location of cleaning, warming, and humidifying the air.

8 points

QUESTION 4

Mammals are able to inhale because increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity will decrease the pressure within the lungs. This is called_____

		pump-controlled breathing
		forced inflation breathing
		negative-pressure breathing
		stretch breathing

6 points

QUESTION 5

Indentify which muscles are primarily responsible for quiet (normal, relaxed) inspiration?

		diaphragm
		internal intercostals
		sclaenes
		abdominal muscles

coffeepig115

Which sequence correctly traces the path that oxygen takes from the atmosphere to the lungs

Mouth pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Larynx, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Nose, bronchi, larynx, trachea, lung

Epiglottis, trachea, cricoid, bronchi, alveoli

A 19-year-old female began chocking after eating a hot dog. When you first arrived on scene , she was coughing and drooling. Now, she is drowsy, slow to respond, and unable to cough

Perform abdominal thrusts

Perform back blows

Coach her to cough again

Perform chest thrusts

A 68-year-old female complains of shortness of breath and fatigue. Symptoms worsen at night when she tries to rest. Lung sounds are diminished in all lobes. Which statement indicates the patient is suffering from CHF rather than pneumonia

âI have had a fever the past several days.â

âI take nebulized treatments to help me breathe.â

I have been coughing up green phlegm

I feel like Iâm drowning when I lie down.

Proper technique to suction your patientâs air way includes

Suctioning while gently inserting the catheter

Inserting the suction catheter as deeply as possible

Applying suction continuously until the airway is clear

Oxygenating and ventilating before and after suctioning.

A patient has a history of chronic pulmonary disease. Before assisting him in self-administering his inhaler, you

Have the patient cough forcefully

Check his blood pressure

Spray some medication in the air

Shake the medication vigorously

A 65 year old male is having trouble breathing. He is moderately overweight and has been coughing up yellowish phlegm. He smokes two packs of cigarettes a ay and reports having episodes like this for many years

Whooping cough

Chronic bronchitis

Pulmonary edema

Status ashmaticus

A 64 year old male complains about dyspnea and is coughing up blood tinged sputum. Upon auscultation, you notice crackles bilaterally.

Emphysema exacerbation

Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary embolism

Esophageal varices

What nerve primarily controls respiration

Phrenic

Intercostal

Vagus

Thoracic

Which of he following can be present with a sudden onset of difficult breathing and diminished breath sounds

Pertussis

Emphysema

Pneumothorax

Pneumonia

A semi-conscious 34 year old male begins to gag after insertion of an OPA

Suction his air way

Encourage him to cough

Remove the airway and attempt a nasal airway

Remove the airway and insert a smaller size airway

True of False: Freshwater environments have a higher concentration of oxygen than saltwater environments.

QUESTION 2 If the difference in partial pressure of gas on either side of the barrier to diffusion is 0, which of these events will occur?

The area for gas exchange will increase to accommodate this similarity.

The constant for diffusion will decrease.

The rate of diffusion will be 0.

The distance thickness of the barrier to diffusion will also be 0.

QUESTION 3 On the x-axis of the oxygenâhemoglobin equilibrium curve is the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues. Which type of blood is most likely to be represented by the right-hand side of the axis? (Hint: the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curve is figure 45.14 in your book on pg 913)

blood found in the left ventricle

blood found in the right atrium

blood found in the superior vena cava

blood found in the inferior vena cava

QUESTION 4 Which of these is an example of pulmonary circulation?

Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Blood is pumped from the left ventricle to the aorta.

Blood is pumped from the aorta to the cardiac vein.

Blood is pumped from the inferior vena cava to the right atrium.

QUESTION 5 O2 will diffuse from blood to tissue faster in response to which of the following conditions?

an increase in the PO2 of the tissue

a decrease in the PO2 of the tissue

an increase in the thickness of the capillary wall

a decrease in the surface area of the capillary

QUESTION 6 Which of the following promotes oxygen release from hemoglobin?

a decrease in temperature

a decrease in carbon dioxide levels

a decrease in pH

a decrease in carbonic anhydrase

QUESTION 7 How does the medulla oblongata sense the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood?

A. Carbonic anhydrase produced by cells performing cellular respiration is exported and travels though the blood, and binds to a receptor on the medullary respiratory center, which causes a signal amplification resulting in a change in gene expression which results in the production of proteins that will cause the diaphragm to contract

B. CO2 produced by cells performing cellular respiration reacts with blood plasma for form an acid, which increases the pH of the blood, which causes the medullary respiratory center to contract the diaphragm

C. CO2 produced by cells performing cellular respiration reacts with blood plasma for form an acid, which decreases the pH of the blood, which causes the medullary respiratory center to contract the diaphragm

D. A and B

E. A and C

QUESTION 8 Which of the following parts of the lung are considered "dead space"? A. The alveoli B. The trachea C. The bronchi D. B and C E. All of the above

QUESTION 9 Which of the following blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

arteries

arterioles

capillaries

venules

veins

QUESTION 10 How does the interstitial fluid return to the bloodstream?

A. Interstitial fluid flows into the capillary where the osmotic pressure driving fluid into the bloodstream is greater than the blood pressure driving fluid out of the blood

B. Interstitial fluid flows into the capillary where the blood pressure driving fluid into the bloodstream is greater than the osmotic pressure driving fluid out of the blood

C. Interstitial fluid leaves the tissue via lymphatic ducts and travels through the lymphatic system, which returns the fluid to the veins. D. A and C

E. B and C

QUESTION 11 True or False: When an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) shows a flat line (aka asystole), medical personnel will restart the heart using a defibrillator.

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BIOL 1115 Lecture Notes - Lactic Acid, Exercise Intensity, Bronchus

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