GEOL 1110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Solar Wind, Ecliptic, Hard Ball

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Geology 1110: Intro to Geology
Sharan  7783213046
The Earth: Chapter 1
Canada produces the highest quality coal for making steel and it is often shipped
across the Pacific to China
oLabor costs to make steel in China are much lower so therefore they are
able to make more steel for less money
oThey are maintaining control over the global market of steel  control the
price because they control the majority of the market
oNorth America also has a lot of restrictions where as China does not
regulate the emissions etc.
Stars and Galaxies
In order to learn Geology we have to learn about the creation and structure of the
universe
There are 2 schools of thought regarding how the universe is arranged
oGeocentric Model
Earth is the center of the universe and everything revolves around it
oHeliocentric Model
Sun is the center of the universe
We revolve around the sun
This has been advanced to understand that the sun is part of
only one galaxy
This was taking place during the renaissance
Gravity was explained by Newton
Explains how thing o
Universe is all of space and all the matter and energy within it
oComposed of 100 billion visible galaxies
oMatter has mass, mass is how much matter something is composed of
Star is a fixed luminous point un the night sky that is a large remote
incandescent body like the sun, often ordered in celestial bodies
Galaxies are systems of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dist,
held together by gravitational attraction
oOver 100s of billion in the Universe
Milky way is OUR sun and 300 billion other stars
Creation of the Universe: The Big Bang
oThe universe is expanding, its origin was an infinitesimally small point-
composed of all matter
oMatter has mass
oEnergy is the ability to do work
Heat, light, gravity, magnetism
All change with distance
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oMatter can have to ability to do more work because we can put more
energy into it
oDensity is the amount of mass contained within a volume of space, things
can be denser than others
Ex. Oil vs. Water
oWeight is the effect of mass being pulled down by gravitational pull,
therefore we are weightless in space
Weight and Mass are not the same thing
oStars are not just dispersed, they are not randomly scattered, they hold a
specific place based on their mass due to gravity
Attraction between other stars
The immense groups that they are held together in are called
galaxies
oUniverse is an expanding bubble (Raisin Bread Thompson)
o13.8 billion years ago, in an instance, this point was dense and hot,
consisted only of energy
We began mapping the universe in the 1820’s
oWithin seconds, subatomic particles (neutrons, photons, and electrons)
came into existence
Energy is the ability to do work
oWithin 20 minutes, hydrogen atoms formed, then formed helium-
eventually a 3:1 ration was formed
3:1 Hydrogen: Helium
Hydrogen forms Helium in the process of Nuclear Fusion
They make a dust like cloud, which is called nebulae
oThe Universe Expands and cools, chemical bonds forma and elements
bound to form molecules
oOur sun is a secondary star
oStar Creation: The Gasses rotate and as the speed increases, and in this
rotation they create an Accretionary Disk and then it keeps rotating until it
is a hard ball, there is lots of stuff swirling sound, the gas molecules collide
and there is heat produced, when there is heat it is called a Proto Star
and then it will become a star (most times)
If the mass of the proto star isn’t enormous, it cannot pull in the
other masses in with gravity, there may be an odd collision, but it is
not strong enough to pull them all in
Forming the Solar System
Formed 4.57 billion years ago
oCreated through the nebular process with planets derived in the
protoplanetary disk contained all 92 elements
oThe heavy elements are far from the sun, light elements closer to and in
the sun
Materials formed from these atoms and molecules rotate and collie in space
Volatile Materials
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Document Summary

In order to learn geology we have to learn about the creation and structure of the universe. There are 2 schools of thought regarding how the universe is arranged: geocentric model. Earth is the center of the universe and everything revolves around it: heliocentric model. Sun is the center of the universe. This has been advanced to understand that the sun is part of only one galaxy. This was taking place during the renaissance. Universe is all of space and all the matter and energy within it: composed of 100 billion visible galaxies, matter has mass, mass is how much matter something is composed of. Star is a fixed luminous point un the night sky that is a large remote incandescent body like the sun, often ordered in celestial bodies. Galaxies are systems of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dist, held together by gravitational attraction: over 100s of billion in the universe.

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