SOCI 1121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Hawthorne Effect, Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism

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Sociology 1121
Topics: what is the sociological perspective? What is sociology good for? Why study
sociology?
Some aspects of society do not change
When there is industrialization happens, people’s lives change
In the U.S. the middle class is dissolving there is upper class and lower class,
nothing in between
oDonald trump used this to his advantage for the election
When war happens people’s, lives change
People don’t look at history to define our current problems
We don’t tend to think about how our current actions are going to affect the future
because we are concerned about how it affects us now
Thinking of people as products
Being aware of these situations and being informed makes us better decision
makers in our society
Sociology examines social lives and the impact it has on people
Sociology is:
oThe systematic study of human society
oSeeing the general in the particular
oseeing the strange in the familiar
oa science
omore than just common sense
oa way not just to understand our society, but other societies as well
oan excellent employment opportunity!
The Systematic Study of human and human society
oHumans are social beings- we spend most of our time interacting
oSociologists study the social units that ppl create when they interact/join
with others
oThese units can range from small groups to entire societies (smallest unit
of analysis =dyad)
They don’t know what a truly unsocialized person would be like
Dyad- 2, they don’t need to be face to face, they could be through
technology
They can go all the way up to entire societies
oMicro Sociology focuses on interacting individuals (everyday
interactions/negotiations)
oMacro Sociology focuses on large social organizations (ex. Uni,
corporations, gov’t)
oUnderstanding how societies change (macro) and how it changes people
(micro)
This is socio in a nut shell
Seeing the General in the particular
oSocio identifies general patterns in the behaviour of particular individuals
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Under – circumstances, - group of people, MOST of them will
behave in – way (they can’t say everyone will do the same thing at
the same time)
oHow do the general categories that we fall into shape our particular life
experienced?
Gender
Race
Socio-economic status/class
oHow would your life be different if you could change one, or all, of these
categories?
Because we have these systems of inequality in society, these
things DO matter at the moment.
We don’t live in a perfect society,
These categories have a big impact
Seeing the strange in the Familiar
oGiving up the idea that human behaviour is rational and self-directed and
understanding that we are all affected and influenced by forced outside of
our control
We may not like the norm, but we don’t have any control over it
oHow does society and/or culture affect our actions?
oHow do the categories that define us also define out choices and actions?
oEx. (Cheating/ Academic Dishonesty) We may see students that cheat as
lacking integrity but we must consider that some students may see
cheating differently than we do in North America
It may seem strange that they may not see that cheating is wring
but rather just a means to the end and they may think it’s strange
that we are so harsh about it
The Sociological perspective allows us to look at the impact of
cultural norms in understanding how some students may be more
willing to cheat than others
A “social” science
o“science” is the body of knowledge obtained by methods based upon
systematic observation
osociology engages in the organized, systematic study of phenomena
(analysis in human behaviour)
when people are being observed, they change their behaviour-
Hawthorne Effect
They are studying humans rather than studying a protest or a plant
etc, they have free will so they are harder to study
Humans react when they are being studied, people do not act
naturally if everything is controlled when they are in expirements
etc.
If you control too much, its artificial, if you don’t control enough you
don’t actually know what is impacting the subject matter
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Document Summary

Some aspects of society do not change. When there is industrialization happens, people"s lives change. In the u. s. the middle class is dissolving there is upper class and lower class, nothing in between: donald trump used this to his advantage for the election. People don"t look at history to define our current problems. We don"t tend to think about how our current actions are going to affect the future because we are concerned about how it affects us now. Being aware of these situations and being informed makes us better decision makers in our society. Sociology examines social lives and the impact it has on people. They don"t know what a truly unsocialized person would be like. Dyad- 2, they don"t need to be face to face, they could be through technology. They can go all the way up to entire societies: micro sociology focuses on interacting individuals (everyday interactions/negotiations, macro sociology focuses on large social organizations (ex.

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