ANTR-3087EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Ayurveda, Upper Paleolithic, Animal Husbandry

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13 Mar 2018
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Human morbidity (rate of disease) and mortality (rate of death) stem from interaction with environment (weather, terrain), livelihood (subsistence) and social systems (social relationships) Five subsistence and technological patterns: 1) hunting, gathering, foraging; 2) horticulture; 3) nomadic herding; 4) peasant agriculture; 5) modern-industrialized- global society. Different disease patterns result in different disease patterns. Studies: human and animal remains (bone, teeth, soft tissues); art (pottery, masks, paintings. Palaeopathology (past disease): infectious diseases (tb); chronic conditions (arthritis, bone tumors); malnutrition; broken bones; trauma (spear wounds, carnivore bites), congenital defects (dwarfism); dental caries (cavities) Social organization: low population densities, small family groups, 3-4 births per nuclear family. Livelihood: hunting and gathering, good and varied diet. Origins of agriculture: 11,500 bce (near east); 4,500 bce (africa); 2,000 bce (global); hunter-gathering remains. Morbidity and mortality patterns: dietary insufficiency and deficiency (protein, anemia) due to food shortages; animal diseases (avian flu, cow pox); infectious disease epidemics; disease related to hygiene (diarrhea, cholera)

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