PSYC-1105EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Intellectual Disability, Tacit Knowledge, Chromosome
12 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYC 1105: Introduction to Psychology
Monday January 8 2018
TOPIC: INTELLIGENCE
DEFINITIONS
Intelligence
The ability to think abstractly and learn readily from experience.
An individual’s abilities to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to
learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, and to overcome obstacles by
careful thought.
Mental retardation: Considerably below average intellectual functioning combined with varying
degrees of difficulty in meeting the demands of everyday life (Weschler IQ below 69).
Down’s Syndrome: A disorder caused by an extra chromosome (21) and characterized by a
varying degree of cognitive impairment and physical disorders.
THEORIES
Various views on intelligence
Unified: a single characteristic or dimension along which people vary (Spearman).
Multifaceted: Many separate mental abilities, such as musical and spatial intelligence, that
operate more or less independently.
Sternberg’s triarchic theory suggests that there are 3 distinct types of intelligence.
- Componential or analytical intelligence emphasizes the ability to think critically and
analytically.
- Experiential or creative intelligence emphasizes insight and the ability to formulate new
ideas.
- Contextual or practical intelligence involves the ability to solve everyday problems
through tacit knowledge.
PASS theory suggests that intelligence involves the three interdependent components of
attention, processing, and planning.
MEASURING INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence quotient: Numerical value that reflects to the extent to which an individual’s score
on an intelligence test departs from the average for other people of the same age.
Stanford-Binet test: First developed in 1905 to identify children who were mentally retarded.
Weschler scales: A scale for adults and another for children whcih tests verbal and nonverbal
components of intelligence.
Processing speed and intelligence are positively correlated.
Individual tests include the Weschelr scales and the Stanford-Binet.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY
Reliability (dtq)
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Document Summary
The ability to think abstractly and learn readily from experience. An individual"s abilities to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, and to overcome obstacles by careful thought. Mental retardation: considerably below average intellectual functioning combined with varying degrees of difficulty in meeting the demands of everyday life (weschler iq below 69). Down"s syndrome: a disorder caused by an extra chromosome (21) and characterized by a varying degree of cognitive impairment and physical disorders. Unified: a single characteristic or dimension along which people vary (spearman). Multifaceted: many separate mental abilities, such as musical and spatial intelligence, that operate more or less independently. Sternberg"s triarchic theory suggests that there are 3 distinct types of intelligence. Componential or analytical intelligence emphasizes the ability to think critically and analytically. Experiential or creative intelligence emphasizes insight and the ability to formulate new ideas.
