BIOL-205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Dna Supercoil, Protamine, Euchromatin
15 Dec 2016
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Readings: chapter 4 (focus pp 93-101, chapter 8 (focus p 200-204, 219-236, allison, chapter 2 (focus p 34-36, chapter 5 (focus p 91-100, 102-106, 109-110, chapter 6 (focus p 126-129) Genome: one complete set of genetic information contained within an organism. Chromosome: molecule of nucleic acid containing genetic material (make up the genome) Gene: segment of a chromosome that encodes a functional product. Nucleoid: region in a prokaryotic cell (in the cytoplasm) where the dna is held by a protein scaffolding. Size, packaging, circular vs. linear, gene density notes: Looping: dna binding proteins stabilize loop interactions, bend dna to facilitate compaction. Induces supercoiling: easier to melt for replication and transcription. Type i causes transient single strand breaks in dna. Type ii causes transient double stand breaks in dna. Only bacteria have topoisomerase that include supercoiling. Enzymes that introduce or relax dna supercoils. Supercoiling maintained (in loops) by dna binding proteins. Proteins cooperate to promote looping and supercoiling.
