BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Bipedalism

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BIOL 111: MAMMALS 2
PRIMATES, HOMINID EVOLUTION AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Primates:
-Arboreal ancestor (monkeys and apes)
-230-270 sp.
-Opposable thumb
-Forward facing eyes – depth perception (3D view of the world)
-Big cerebrum
-Highly social (reduced brood size and extended parental care)
Two major groups: Prosimians and Anthropoids
48% of primate species are in danger of running extinct
Prosimians:
-Nocturnal and arboreal
-Used to be found on all continents, now just Madagascar and SE Asia
-Lemurs: in Madgascar have now radiated, not all found in trees and some are
diurnal
-Loris species was thought to be extinct since 1939
Anthropoids: THE TARSIER (yoda)
-Among the smallest of primates
-Only entirely carnivorous primate
-Fossils found in Asia
New World vs Old World Monkeys:
-Prehensile tail = tail used to grasp/hold objects
-Not present in old world monkeys
-Present in most new world monkeys
-New world monkeys also have flat noses
Old World ex: baboon, long tailed macaques, vervet, etc.
New World monkeys: more arboreal, flat nose, etc.
-Howler monkey – Panama, Vervet – Barbados, Spider monkey
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BIOL 111 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

Forward facing eyes depth perception (3d view of the world) Highly social (reduced brood size and extended parental care) 48% of primate species are in danger of running extinct. Used to be found on all continents, now just madagascar and se asia. Lemurs: in madgascar have now radiated, not all found in trees and some are diurnal. Loris species was thought to be extinct since 1939. Prehensile tail = tail used to grasp/hold objects. New world monkeys also have flat noses. Old world ex: baboon, long tailed macaques, vervet, etc. New world monkeys: more arboreal, flat nose, etc. Howler monkey panama, vervet barbados, spider monkey. Vervets have been introduced from the old world into the new world, during the slave trade, moved to the caribbean islands. Gibbons: smaller than other apes, mostly arboreal. Orangutans: too large to cross from one tree to another by branches and must go down to the ground and walk.

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