BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Inclusive Fitness, Guppy, Atlantic Cod
5 Jul 2018
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BIOLOGY 111: ECOLOGY
The study of interactions between organisms and their environment
Behavioural ecology: study of animal behaviour in relation to the environment
Population ecology: study of demographics (births, deaths) in relation to the
environment
Community ecology: study of interactions between species in relation to the
environment (abiotic features: e.g. temperature)
A) BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY:
-Standard prediction, foraging theory:
oAnimals should eat foods that maximize their energy intake, energy limited
so they must eat food that does not expend gross amounts of energy
while being beneficial for their own energy increase
-Factors to consider:
oAbundance of different prey types
o“Catchability” of different prey types
o“Quality” of different prey types
Example from bears and salmon: Catchability
-How long the fish has been in the stream spawning (stored energy reserves,
increased time losing much of their energy)
-The decision on which salmon the bears should eat
-Salmon: get all their energy from the ocean, then using only stored energy to
swim upstream
oPrediction: If a bear wants to maximize its energy, they want the FRESH
FISH who have just attained most of their energy but only in places where
the catching is easy.
oBEARS KILL YOUNGER, FRESHER FISH (in easy catching)
oBEARS KILL OLDER FISH, LOWER ENERGY (in harder catching
environments)
Other complications:
1. Complications
-Female bears are restricted from spawning places due to intimidation by male
bears
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