BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Keratin, Convergent Evolution, Himalayas

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BIOL 111 Full Course Notes
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BIOL 111 Full Course Notes
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Walked with legs under body (quadrapedal or bipedal) Ancestor to birds was probably a theropod dinosaur: bipedal, 3 hind toes, carnivorous, 4-chambered heart, similar lungs, endothermic, feathered, hollow bones, parental care of eggs and juveniles. Not a direct ancestor of common birds crow-sized feathers (avian) teeth (non-avian) High amount of parental care: most build nests, incubate eggs, feed juveniles. Body temperature control thermoregulation source of body heat: ectotherms. Mr increase with increasing temperature: endotherms. Generate heat internally through metabolic processes leaky ion channels may have led to the evolution of endothermy. Mr increases when temperatures are outside of the optimal range. Physical: too hot: increase blood flow to periphery, sweating, panting, too cold: decrease blood flow to periphery, shiver, orientation relative to heat source, basking, huddling, moving locations throughout day, insulation (fur, feathers, fat, surface area: volume. Example: counter-current heat exchanger: fast, pelagic fish (tunas, sharks, heat generated by swim muscles, heat retained in muscles.

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