BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Lysis, Chloroplast, Bioaccumulation
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• Green algae (Chlorophytes)
o Photoautotrophs
o Diverse morphology
! Unicellular
! Colonial
! Multicellular filaments
! Multicellular sheets
o Freshwater, marine, terrestrial
o Can make daughter colonies and then mother cell will lyse
o Share ancestor with land plant
! Cellulose in cell wall
! Store glucose as starch
! Have chlorophyll a and b
! Alternation of generations
• Red Algae
o Multicellular, marine (most tropical)
o Photoautotrophs
o Accessory pigments
! Colour
! Ability to use different light wavelengths
o Source of agar
o Some secrete CaCO3
! “coralline algae”
CHROMALCEOLATES
• Usually have cellulose in their cell walls
• Alveolates have sacs (aceoli) just below their plasma membrane
(featured: ciliates, dinoflagellates and apocomplexans)
• Stramenophiles, most have flagella, one with hairs (featured:
diatoms, brown algae and oomycetes)
• Ciliates
o Possess cilia for locomotion and feeding
o Unicellular, aquatic
o Heterotrophs, some have symbiosis with photoautotrophs
o trichocyts are tiny spears
o has complex feeding and excretions structures
o note contractile vacuole, necessary as ciliate is hypertonic in hypotonic environment
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Chromalveolates
• Usually have cellulose in their cell walls
• Alveolates have sacs (aveoli) just below
their plasma membrane
–Featured groups: all
• Stramenophiles, most have two unequal 2
flagella, one with hairs
–Featured groups: Diatoms,
Brown algae & Oomycetes
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Paramecium
gullet
micro & macronuclei
Ciliates
possess cilia for
locomotion & feeding
• unicellular, aquatic
• heterotrophs, some have
symbiosis with
photoautotrophs
• more complex structure
– protection: protein pellicle
– control: 2 nuclei types
– feeding: oral groove, gullet
– defense: trichocysts
–H
2O balance: contractile
vacuole
43
Chromalveolates
• Usually have cellulose in their cell walls
• Alveolates have sacs (aveoli) just below
their plasma membrane
–Featured groups: all
• Stramenophiles, most have two unequal 2
flagella, one with hairs
–Featured groups: Diatoms,
Brown algae & Oomycetes
44
Paramecium
gullet
micro & macronuclei
Ciliates
possess cilia for
locomotion & feeding
• unicellular, aquatic
• heterotrophs, some have
symbiosis with
photoautotrophs
• more complex structure
– protection: protein pellicle
– control: 2 nuclei types
– feeding: oral groove, gullet
– defense: trichocysts
–H
2O balance: contractile
vacuole