BIOL 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Citric Acid, Thioester, Succinyl-Coa

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25 Feb 2013

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Acetyl of the acetyl-coa becomes co2 while in the kreb"s cycle. Process takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. Succinate dehydrogenase is a part of the inner membrane. The other enzymes are found in the matrix. In the process of oxidizing acetyl-coa into co2, 1 gtp is formed during this process (substrate level phosphorylation). Gtp is eventually used to phosphorylate adp into atp. The bond between the acetyl group and the coa is high in energy, when broken produces a lot of free energy to be captured. Nadh and fadh2 produced are eventually reduced back into nad and fad. This process is worked by the electron transport chain, which is based upon a proton gradient that allows the gradient"s energy to be used to phosphorylate adp. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is made up of 3+ proteins. The complex oxidizes pyruvate into acetyl, which is combined with coa. From 3 carbon unit to 2 carbon unit.

Related Questions

1. Choose the TWO correct statements describing the citrate cycle.

	ATP is an indirect product of the citric acid cycle
	Acetyl CoA can increase the pool of citric acid cycle intermediates
	Fatty acids can increase the pool of citric acid cycle intermediates
	ADP inhibits Î±-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
	The pool of mitochondrial oxaloacetate can be increased by pyruvate
	All enzymes of the citric acid cycle are found soluble and free in the mitochondrial matrix

2.Which molecule in the net reaction of the citrate cycle contributes to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

	NADH
	H⁺
	H₂O
	FAD

3. How would a high NADH to NAD⁺ ratio be expected to affect the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction?

	The E1 subunit is phosphorylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, and the catalytic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases.
	The last step of the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is blocked, resulting in a decrease in activity.
	The pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase-1 enzyme would increase, resulting in pyruvate dehydrogenase activation at an accelerated rate.
	The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase enzyme activity would increase, resulting in an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.

Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose monomer and dimers. Glucose is converted to pyruvate and then to acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle and is broken down to CO2 and in the process produces NADH & FADH2, which is utilized in the generation of ATP via the electron transport chain. Why does the cell go through this elaborate pathway to convert glucose to carbon dioxide and water and in the process generate ATP? Why not use a simpler and shorter mechanism to breakdown glucose?

6. During fasting the liver pyruvate kinase enzyme is :

A. inhibited by phosphorylation by PKA

B. activated by phosphorylation by PKA

C. located in the mitochondria

D. activated by ATP

_______7. Phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase by PKA in the liver:

A. activates of glycogen synthase

B. inactivates of glycogen synthase

C. inactivates of glycogen phosphorylase kinase

D. activates of glycogen phosphorylase kinase

_____8. In the skeletal muscle when a football player runs sprints during practice, the NADH produced in glycolysis at the glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate step is re-oxidized primarily by:

A. Malate dehydrogenase

B. Lactate dehydrogenase

C. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

D. Isocitrate dehydrogenase

_____9. Which of the following compounds is an allosteric activator of pyruvate carboxylase?

A. Biotin

B. Acetyl CoA

C. NADH

D. insulin

______10. Fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms and certain branched-chain fatty acids can support the net synthesis of glucose because they:

A. are converted to acetoacetate and Î²-hydroxybutyrate

B. are converted to malonyl-CoA

C. can produce propionyl-CoA which is converted to succinyl-CoA

D. Increase the NAD/NADH ratio

BIOL 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Citric Acid, Thioester, Succinyl-Coa

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