CHEM 181 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Breast Cancer, Childhood Cancer, Allicin
19 Jun 2018
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Video 1
Diet and obesity are 30-35% of the cause of cancer
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Tobacco 25-30% cause of cancer
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Infection 15-20%
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Radiation 5-10%
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Pollution 3-5%
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Alcohol/sex 3-5%
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Genetics 5-10%
Cancer runs in families especially with breast cancer in
women
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90-95% is associated with environment in one form or another
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Activity 1
What % of cancers can be attributed to environmental factors?
90-95%
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What percentage of dietary factors are responsible for the
percentage of all cancers? 30-35%
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Video 2
Cancer comes from Latin word for crab, the blood vessels are
searching for a blood supply
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Half a million of people in the US die from cancer every year
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Childhood cancer is rising more than other cancers
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Breast cancer rates are decreasing
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There are variations of cancers around the world, some cancers
are more frequent in cancers around the world
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30-40% of cancers in the world, some 4 million cases a year can
be prevented
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Graviola can have an effect on cancer
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Activity 2
Most experts agree that millions of cases of cancer could be
prevented every year by considering environmental factors. How
many million? 4 million
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What time of cancer has been declining since the use of estrogen
supplements for menopause has been reduced? Breast cancer
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Video 3
Betel nuts contain compounds that can cause cancer in the
mouth (from Asia)
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Obesity increases the risk of cancers of the: esophagus, colon,
rectum, breast, uterus, kidney
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Alcohol increases risk of cancer in the: mouth, larynx, esophagus,
liver, breast
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Associations do not prove cause and affect
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Meat can cause cancer if it is cooked at a high temperature
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Cohort study: a group has been followed for a number of years
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Case control study: select people that suffer from a disease and
match them against controls that come from the same sort of
lifestyle, same age and they don't have cancer and question what
they have done differently
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Carcinogen: has the potential to cause cancer, not that is causes
cancer under normal conditions
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Coffee has many carcinogens but coffee does not cause cancer
Antioxidants counteract carcinogens
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Activity 3
In order to qualify as a carcinogen a substance must have
achieved what minimum level of investigation? Animal studies
show the substance causes cancer in animals
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Chemical analysis has shown that known carcinogens are present
in our food supply, from the coffee and toast on breakfast
menus, etc. which of the following substances that are found in
food are considered to be carcinogenic? Acrylamide, 4-hydroxy-
trans-2-noneal, furfural, benzopyrene
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Video 4
Acrylamide is present in many foods such as French fries
Forms naturally when certain foods are heated to a high
temperature
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Chemical reaction between glucose and asparagine
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Proposition 65: any substance that is known to cause cancer
must be revealed to the general public
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Only the dose makes the poison (Paracelsus)
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Risk = hazard x exposure x sensitivity
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Dose is important in prevention
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Video 5
Anticarcinogens
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Antioxidants trap free radicals which are implicated in cancer
A free radical is any species capable of independent
existence that contains one or more unpaired elections
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Mice given purple tomato juice with anthocyanins live longer
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Breast cancers are estrogen driven, they are triggered and
sustained by estrogen
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Activity 5
For each of the following foods, identify the antioxidant which it
has been purported to contain amounts that may be beneficial
Grapes: reservatrol
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Soybeans, tofu: isoflavones
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Flaxseed muffin: lignans
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Plums, blueberries, raspberries, anthocyanins
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Tea: EGCG
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Video 6
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men
Men die with this cancer, not from the disease because it is
a slow growing cancer
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Lycopene is the red pigment in fruits and vegetables that are
pink/red
Linked with prostate cancer, can reduce tumour and
reduce malignancy (tomatoes)
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People who consume more garlic and onions have less of a risk of
cancer
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Active ingredient in tumeric is curcumin
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Broccoli is a cancer fighter and contains glucoraphanin which
produces sulphoraphane
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Indole-3-carbinol found in cabbage is an anticarcinogen
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People who have a diet with lots of spices, fruits and veggies
have a smaller chance of cancer
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Activity 6
Chopping and cooking certain foods cause the formation of what
anticarcinogen? Allicin
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Broccoli is one of nature's cancer fighters and contains
glucoraphanin. When this compound breaks down it releases
sulforaphane which induces the formation of phase 2 enzymes.
What is the function of phase 2 enxymes in the body? They are
detoxification enzymes that tie up foreign compounds and
eliminate them from the body
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Lecture 9 -Topic 1
Tuesday, April 3, 2018
9:10 PM
11
CHEM 181 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Diet and obesity are 30-35% of the cause of cancer. Cancer runs in families especially with breast cancer in women. 90-95% is associated with environment in one form or another. Cancer comes from latin word for crab, the blood vessels are searching for a blood supply. Half a million of people in the us die from cancer every year. Childhood cancer is rising more than other cancers. There are variations of cancers around the world, some cancers are more frequent in cancers around the world. 30-40% of cancers in the world, some 4 million cases a year can be prevented. Most experts agree that millions of cases of cancer could be prevented every year by considering environmental factors. Betel nuts contain compounds that can cause cancer in the mouth (from asia) Obesity increases the risk of cancers of the: esophagus, colon, rectum, breast, uterus, kidney. Alcohol increases risk of cancer in the: mouth, larynx, esophagus, liver, breast.
