ANAT 261 Lecture Notes - Heparan Sulfate, Nidogen-1, Vinculin
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16 Mar 2012
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Hard to remember things for ANAT 261, definitely not all-inclusive.
Cellular Junctions and their proteins
●Zonula Occludens (Tight Junction)
○Occludin, Claudin (Membrane)
○ZO-1, actin (cytoplasm)
●Zonula Adherens (intermediate junction)
○a-actinin, vinculin (cytoplasm)
○Cadherins (intercellular space)
●Macula Adherens (desmosome)
○Desmocollin, desmoglein (intercellular space 25nm)
○Desmoplakins I and II, plakoglobin, desmocalmin.
○Intermediate filaments
●Hemidesmosome
○Plaque (BP 200)
○a6 Integrin, B4 Integrin, BP 180 (Transmembrane proteins)
○Tonofilaments
○VII collagen
●Gap junction
○Coupled connexons, made of 6 connexins.
Basement Membrane
●Laminin (links epithelium and BM), Entactin, Fibronectin (binds PM of cells to heparan
sulfate made by fibrocytes)
●Collagen produced by epithelial cells.
●PAS stain can be used to see, modifies the aldehydes.
Cytoskeleton
●Microfilaments (actins)
●Intermediate filaments (cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, neurofilaments)
●Microtubules (Cilias, basal bodies, centriols) Asstd proteins: kinesin, dynein.
Connective Tissue
●Mesenchymal cell -> fibrocyte -> fibrocyte
●Ground substance
○Water stabilized by glycosaminoglycans (-ve, hold water), proteoglycans (50-
50, core of protein with SO4 GAGs), glycoproteins (fibronectin, 10% sugar, 90%
protein, globular proteins with attached sugar).
●Fiber
○Collagen
○Elastic
Collagen Fibers
●Type I - Dermis, Tendon, Bone, Dentin
●Type II - Hyaline Cartilage
●Type III - Reticular fiber
●Type IV - BM
●Type V - Fetal
●VII Hemidesmosome.
Collagen Synthesis
●a1 and a2
●RER turns into procollagen which is triple helix.
●Golgi packs
●Bands are caused by overlapping of tropocollagen
Skin and Hair follicle
●Keratohyalin granules basophilic.
●Tricohyalin granules acidophilic.
Cartilage
●Fibers: Type II collagen
●Ground: proteoglycans (keratan SO4, chondroitin SO4). Glycoproteins (Chondronectin)
●Articular cartilage at end of bone has no perichondrium
Muscle
●Z-line : a-actinin
●M-line: creatine kinase
●Intercalated disk made up of ZA, has a-actinin.
Bone
●Periosteum has fibrous and osteogenic layer.
Blood vessels
●Reticular fibers, type III collagen
●Endothelium
○Angiotensin I to angiotensin II
○Inactivate Bradykinin, neurotransmitters
○Produce Endothelin (VC) NO (VD)
Respiratory
●Ciliated cell
○Basal bodies
○Cilia made of 9 pairs of microtubules and 1 central pair (axoneme), dynein arms
can move it
●Trachea, intrapulmonary bronchus, regular bronchiole (no goblet), terminal bronchiole
(ciliated and clara), respiratory bronchiole (clara), alveolar duct (knobs of clara), alveolar
sac (pneumocyte II in corner, surfactant, pneumocyte I squamous)
●Trachea
○mucous and serous glands
○Diffuse neuroendocrine system cells, epinephrine and serotonin.
Oral Cavity
●Salivary glands
○Carbs, amylase, lysozyme, IgA, lactoferrin.
○Ducts
■Striated bigger, cuboidal to columnar. Striations eosinophilic from mito
and infoldings.
■Collecting ducts are interlobular. Others are intralobular.
●Serous
○Amylase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, H2O, zymogenic granules. Thinner
proteinaceous.