ANAT 261 Lecture : 11. Esophagus and Stomach.pdf

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ceruleanprairie-dog589

6 Apr 2012

School

McGill University

Department

Anatomy & Cell Biology

Course

ANAT 261

Professor

Craig Mandato

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Document Summary

Before we discuss the esophagus in particular, it would be useful to make a general plan of the digestive tract starting with the esophagus and ending in the large intestines. The mucosa is made of three layers: the epithelium, the cell make-up changes depending on the structure, the lamina propria is made of loose irreg. Ct: the muscularis mucosae is made of 2 layers of. The inner layer is circumferential and the outer layer runs in parallel with the organ. Cutting a cross section of the organ, the inner layer will be in long. section and the outer layer in cross section. The submucosa is either loose or dense irreg. Ct which can vary in thickness depending on the organ. The last layer is the serosa, or the adventitia, which is dense irreg. Note that just like in any other system we studied, these components are not present everywhere.

Related Questions

1. Describe how the muscularis externa varies among the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. List any features of this layer that are unique to each part of the GI tract.

2. List two ways in which the layers of the esophagus differ from that of the stomach and intestines.

1. Which organ is responsible for balancing the amount ofglucose floating around in the blood? (it stores excess glucosewhen there is too much and releases glucose into the bloodstreamwhen there isn't enough)

Select one:

a. liver

b. pancreas

c. spleen

d. stomach

2. The gastrointstinal tract has 4 basic layers. Which layer isthe one that comes in contact with the food that you eat?

Select one:

a. serosa

b. submucosa

c. muscularis

d. mucosa

3. Which digestive organ contains 3 layers of muscle tissue inthe muscularis?

Select one:

a. esophagus

b. large intestine

c. stomach

d. anus

The esophagus is the first organ in the digestive tract thatsecretes digestive enzymes to begin the chemical (molecular)breakdown of food.

Select one:

True

False

Gastric ulcers are often caused by bacterial infection.

Select one:

True

False

Lactose intolerance causes gas, bloating and stomach achesbecause undigested sugar molecules, called lactose, end up gettingdigested by bacteria in the intestines. When they digest it, theyproduce lots of gases.

Select one:

True

False

7. The lower esophageal sphincter prevents food in the stomachfrom backing up into the esophagus.

Since the esophagus is not equipped to handle the harsh acids inthe stomach, when food (mixed with stomach acids) does back up intothe esophagus, you get symptoms such as heart burn. This is calledgastroesophageal reflux (or "reflux").

When reflux is left untreated for many years, the person becomesa trisk for esophageal cancer. This is because the esophagus gets"burned" by the acids over and over again which can eventuallytrigger the development of cancerous cells.

Select one:

True

False

Peristalsis is defined as the rhythmic contractions of thedigestive system that pushes food along the digestive tract.

Select one:

True

False