BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Phytophthora Infestans, Bioaccumulation, Accessory Pigment

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4 Apr 2012

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BIOL 111 Full Course Notes

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Binomial nomenclature: genus species, or genus species. Then: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. Node: where branches are started, order around node has no significance. Sister group: closely related pairs of taxa (generally species) with recent common ancestors. Outgroup: closely related taxon outside of the group of interest (clade) At the end of a tree: species, populations, genetics - alleles. Homology: similarity due to common ancestor (eg. bat wing/human arm) Analogy: similarity arose through different, independent events (eg. wings of bird/insect) analagous) Building a phylogeny: (eg. bat/bird wings bones evolved homologously, wings themselves. Derived trait: distinguishing trait shared by a group that was not found in their ancestor. Differ from prokaryotes: membrane bound organelles (eg. mitochondria, nucleus, chloroplast), larger ribosomes (80s) Karyon kernal (nucleus: loss of cell wall, infolding of membrane = increased surface area, pinching of membrane = vacuoles with dna/ribosomes attached form nucleus, further infolding form endoplasmic reticulum.

Related Questions

Animals are classified in categories from Domain down to Species. These are:

Select one:
a. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Domain, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
b. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
c. Class, Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
d. Domain, Family, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Genus, Species.

1) Which statement does NOT accurately describe Felis catus?

A	a large monophyletic group containing many genera of cats

B	species name for the domestic cat

C	an example of a latinized binomial, the genus is 1st and each species has a unique second word is descriptive and unique to only 1 species in the genus

D	an example of a scientific name for a species

E	a taxonomic unit of the Linnaean classification system

2) Convergent characters are similar because of _____.

A	similar evolutionary forces resulting in similar characteristics in different, unrelated lineages

homology

C	descent from a common ancestor

analogy

1) Parents from two different species mate and produce a fertileoffspring with a polyploid chromosome number. This is called

	allopolyploidy
	allopatric speciation
	triploidy
	mutation selection
	autopolyploidy

2)A monophyletic group would be best described as:

	a grouping of most, but not all, species descended from a commonancestor
	a grouping of all species descended from a common ancestor,including that ancestor
	a grouping of all species descended from a common ancestor,excluding that ancestor
	a grouping of all species that share a similar set of traits,regardless of whether the traits are homologous or analogous

3) Vicariance refers to:

	a pattern of speciation whereby new species evolve reproductiveisolation in sympatry
	a kind of speciation where a small group of colonists founds apopulation on an island habitat
	a pattern of speciation in which a population is subdivided by ageographical barrier
	a technique for constructing phylogenetic trees based onsynapomorphies

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BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Phytophthora Infestans, Bioaccumulation, Accessory Pigment

BIOL 111 Full Course Notes

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