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BIOL 111 Lecture : Evolution of Land Plants

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4 Apr 2012

School

McGill University

Department

Course

Professor

Irene Gregory- Eaves

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BIOL 111 Full Course Notes

BIOL 111 Full Course Notes

Document Summary

Water is denser and more viscose than air so takes less energy to more around in. Structural changes in plants to assure success of reproduction in air. Gametes released in water able to unite easily, water is a conduit. Gametes must be protected and transfer must be facilitated gamete retained in mother plant. Dehydration of body can occur, processes occur in solution = waxy covering (cuticle) Evolution of roots, shoots, stomata, vascular system to distribute nutrients. Energy from light is higher, no limit of photosynthesis = evolution of big leaves to maximize process. Apical growth and branching to achieve maximum growth: dehydration. Cannot happen, surrounded by water: support, nutrient acquisition. Nutrients and water provided by water around it: light intensity. Water absorbs energy from light, low photosynthetic rate: growth. All organisms have 2 stages in life cycle: Sporophyte in plants 2n = more dna, more proteins, more enzymatic action, more growth, over time becomes more predominant.

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Related Questions

Identify the adaptations evolved in the common ancestor of land plants that allowed the successful colonization of land.

Select all that apply.

Evolution of a water-impermeable cuticle

Evolution of a carbohydrate energy-storage molecule

Evolution of gametangia

Evolution of a mechanism for structural support

A mutualistic association with a fungus that promotes nutrient uptake

1- Fundamentally, "Alternation of Generations" states that it is NOT possible for haploid organisms to be anything other than gametes

True , False

2- Which of the following are modern representatives of plants that first conquered land?

Rhodophyta

3- Evolution of vascular tissues is important for land plants. This is part because...

vascular plant rhizoids are connected to vasular tissues

vascular tissues coincide with evolution of more rigid supporting compounts

vascular tissues coincide with evolution seed

vascular tissues coincide with evolution flowers

none of the above coincided with the evolution of vasculature

4- Spores are a result of mitotic division of sporocytes.

False

5- Mosses transport water and solutes in their vascular tissues.

False

6- Non-vascular plants produce lignin to support taller structures.

False

7- The egg of a moss is produced within a cavity called a...

sporangium

8- One of the significant adaptations to prevent drying out in the land environment was the development by vascular plants of (a)

flowering system

both cuticle and stomata are correct

9- A moss protonema...

has the n number of chromosomes in each cell

is a part of the sporophyte generation

produces gametes

is saprophytic like a fungus

produces spores

10- The cohesion of water molecules and their adhesion to the walls of narrow tubes that results in water rising in the tubes is called...

active transport

transpiration pull

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1. Select the true statements concerning tracheids.

	Tracheids are responsible foranchoring the plant to a substrate.
	Pterophytes lack tracheids but haveeuphylls.
	Without tracheids colonization ofland would not have been possible.
	All of the large dominant extantland plants are tracheophytes.
	Tracheids allow for efficienttransport of water over longer distances.

2. Plants lacking well-developed conducting systems such asmosses, liverworts, and hornworts have been called

angiosperms.

3.Select the true statements concerning gametophytes andsporophytes.

Both produce gametes.

Sporophytes are alwaysnutritionally dependent on the gametophytes.

Across all plant speciesgametophytes tend to remain small.

Only sporophytes produce eggs.

Antheridia are located on the gametophyte.

4. A waxy cuticle helps prevents desiccation. What is the costof this adaptation?

Slower H₂Otransport

Reduced gas permeability

Lowered light absorption

Increased exposure to damaging UVradiation

Increased susceptibility to pathogenic infection

5.Select the best answer to complete the following statement.Stomata are openings used by plants for the passage of

carbon dioxide, oxygen, and watervapor.

only carbon dioxide and spores orgametes.

only carbon dioxide and watervapor.

only carbon dioxide andpollen.

only oxygen and carbon dioxide.

6.One of the main distinctions between charophytes and landplants is the possession of a cuticle. Why do modern charophyteslack a cuticle?

Their tough seed coats negate theneed for a cuticle.

Cuticles aren't necessary whenliving in water.

Modern Charophytes make up for theabsence of a cuticle by have large numbers of stomata.

Charophytes have a haplodiplontic life cycle.

7.Select the following plant adaptations for the terrestrialenvironment that are correctly listed by their function.

Stomata allow for gas exchangebetween the plant and the atmosphere.

Tracheids protect againstdesiccation.

Stomata transport water aroundplant body.

Tracheids transport water and minerals around the plantbody.

8.What would be the simplest way for a non-botanist to confirmthat the fern is not a small palm?

Height, all ferns are verysmall

Lack of roots, palms have roots butferns do not

Leaf shape, only ferns havedissected leaves

Dots on the underside of the leaf, only ferns have sporangiaunder their fronds

9.Select the true statements relating to the colonization ofland by plants.

Desiccation is a much more commonproblem in terrestrial environments.

Cuticle layers reduce gasexchange.

Xylem tissue, seeds and stomata arefound on both plants and charophytes.

Without trachids land plant would not have been to able to growmore than just a meter or so tall.

10.Survival on land for organisms is difficult because of theproblem of

spore germination.

syngamy.

11. Well-developed vascular systems are absent in all of thefollowing except

Pterophytes.

12. Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other tracheophyteplants, require

soil to reproduce sexually.

water to reproduce sexually.

sunlight to reproducesexually.

air to reproduce sexually.

shade to reproduce sexually.

13.Plant success on the terrestrial landscape is linked to theevolution of all of the following except

	gas-filled air spaces.
	stems.
	specialized reproductivefeatures.
	specialized roots.
	increased area for photosynthesisin the leaves.

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