BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Mendelian Inheritance, Color Blindness, Wild Type
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1. A mother with blood type A has a child with blood type A. Give all possible blood types for the father of this child.
| a.) O | |||||||||||||||||
| b.) B, AB | |||||||||||||||||
| c.) A, AB | |||||||||||||||||
| d.) A, B, O | |||||||||||||||||
| e.) A, B, AB, O 2.) In sesame, the one-pod condition (P) is dominant to three-pod (p), and normal leaf (W) is dominant to wrinkled (w). These characteristics assort independently. A one-pod, wrinkled leaf à one-pod, normal leaf cross gave a progeny of 654 one-pod, normal leaf plants and 224 three-pod, normal leaf plants. What are the likely genotypes of the parents in this cross?
|
3.) Honeybees have a haplo-diploid sex determination system where females develop from a fertilized egg (they are diploid, having one allele from the female queen and one allele from the male), and males develop from unfertilized eggs (they are haploid, having only one allele from the queen). Assuming that the queen is heterozygous for a particular gene, what is the probability that a female will inherit the recessive allele from her mother? What is the probability that a male will inherit a recessive allele from his mother?
| a.) The probability that a daughter will inherit a recessive allele from her mother is 50%; the probability that a son will inherit a recessive allele from his mother is 100%. | ||
| b.) The probability that a daughter will inherit a recessive allele from her mother is 100%; the probability that a son will inherit a recessive allele from his mother is 50%. | ||
| c.) The probability that a daughter will inherit a recessive allele from her mother is 50%; the probability that a son will inherit a recessive allele from his mother is 50%. | ||
| d.) The probability that a daughter will inherit a recessive allele from her mother is 100%; the probability that a son will inherit a recessive allele from his mother is 100%. |
4.) Human males, with XY chromosomes are _____ and produce two different kinds of gametes, whereas females with XX chromosomes are _____ and produce only one kind.
| a.) | homogametic; heterogametic | |
| b.) pleiotropic: epistatic | ||
| c.) heterogametic; homogametic | ||
| d.) epistatic; pleiotropic |
5.) A chi-square test is done to test the hypothesis that a set of data represents a F2 ratio of 9:3:3:1. The degree(s) of freedom that should be used is:
| a.) 1 | ||
| b.) 2 | ||
| c.) 3 | ||
| d.) 4 I DON'T KNOW HOW TO DO THESE PROBLEMS, I WOULD REALLY APPRECIATE SOME HELP AND EXPLANATION ON HOW TO WORK OUT THESE PROBLEMS. THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!! |
Please show detailed work. Thanks in advance.
16. Syntenic genes can assort independently when
A) they are very close together on a chromosome.
B) they are located on different chromosomes.
C) crossing over occurs rarely between the genes.
D) they are far apart on a chromosome and crossing over occurs frequently between the genes.
E) they are far apart on a chromosome and crossing over occurs very rarely between the genes.
17. The alleles of linked genes tend to
A) segregate together more often than expected by random assortment
B) assort independently.
C) be mutated more often than unlinked genes.
D) experience a higher rate of crossing over.
E) assort independently and show a higher rate of crossing over.
18. If you know that the frequency of recombination between genes X and Y is 34% and between X and Z is 25%, can you predict the order of the three genes?
A) Yes; the order is X-Z-Y.
B) Yes; the order is X-Y-Z.
C) Yes; the order is Z-X-Y.
D) No; based on this data alone, the order could be Z-Y-X or X-Y-Z.
E) No; based on this data alone, the order could be X-Z-Y or Z-X-Y.
Question 19 - 20. You have performed the following dihybrid cross in Drosophila using the black body color (b) and vestigial wing (vg) mutations. The b+ (grey body) and vg+ (normal wing) are dominant wild type alleles. These genes are autosomal.
Female â b+ vg+/b vg à male â b vg/b vg
Progeny:
Phenotype # of Progeny
Grey body normal wing 965
Black body vestigial wing 944
Grey body vestigial wing 208
Black body normal wing 195
19. Assuming linkage between black and vestigial, the estimated recombination frequency would be:
0.17
0.09
0.82
1.00
0.50
20. What key test could you use to determine whether the observed offspring frequencies deviate from those expected by chance alone?
A) Pascal's triangle
B) The product rule
C) The Chi-square (Ï2) test
D) The law of random assortment
E) The sum rule
21. In a genome wide association study (GWAS) designed to map the gene(s) that control height you divide subjects into a group of 1000 who are all more than seven feet tall and a control group of 1000 people of average height. You find the following associations between two genetic markers and the height trait:
| Tall group | Control group | ||
| Marker 1 | Allele A | 20% | 50% |
| Allele T | 80% | 50% | |
| Marker 2 | Allele G | 15% | 15% |
| Allele C | 85% | 85% |
What is your best guess for which marker is more closely linked to a gene that influences height?
A) Marker 1
B) Marker 2
22. Two pure breeding parents produce red and white flowers. They are crossed and the F1 produces pink flowers. When the F1 are selfed to produce the F2, nine distinct classes of pigmentation are present among F2 individuals. What is your best guess of the minimum number of genes that underlie flower pigmentation in this species?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
23. In a quantitative genetic experiment you identify two genes that confer bands of color on the back of a fly. At each gene, a dominant allele causes one band of color. If flies that are heterozygous at both loci are crossed, what ratio of offspring do you expect in each phenotype (i.e., number of color bands) class? (answer options are given from lowest to highest band number)
A) 1:1:1:1:1
B) 1:2:2:2:1
C) 1:4:6:4:1
D) 4:4:4:4:4
