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BIOL 115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Trophoblast, Prophase, Heat Map

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School
McGill University
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 115
Professor
Jacalyn Vogel

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Document Summary

We all start as a single cell. Reproduction is based on the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, which produces an embryo, that eventually grows to turn into a human being who will then reproduce, continuing the cycle. The sperm and the egg are gametes and are the result of meiosis. Each gamete has 23 chromosomes: 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome. Meiosis consists of a reduction in chromosome numbers: The y chromosome has the fewest genes. Gene density: gene number is not always correlated with chromosome size. Crossing over in prophase increases the diversity of gametes: A fertilized egg is a one cell embryo. This cell has the capacity to generate >200 cells in the human body. The flow of genetic information is: dna -> rna -> protein and occurs in 2 steps: Each cell in your body (except sperm and egg cells) has the same dna.

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Related Questions

Which statements pertaining to genetic variability are correct? Check all that apply (note that wrong answers will be deducted from right answers)!

Crossing over is defined by the exchange of chromosome pieces during metaphase one of meiosis.
If a germ cell (i.e. parent cell before meiosis) had only two pairs of homologous chromosomes (i.e. 4 chromosomes total) there are 2 possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in gametes.
Siblings produced by sexual reproduction are different because sperms are different from one another and eggs are different from one another, and the combination of an egg and sperm is basically unique.
Random fertilization means that all possible combinations of eggs and sperm are equally likely, i.e. it is pure chance which sperm fuses with which egg.
Individual chromosomes contain thousands of genes. This means that during each crossing over event, more than one gene is exchanged between paternal and maternal chromosomes.