BIOL 200 Lecture Notes - Karyopherin, Aldehyde, Polytene Chromosome

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ceruleanprairie-dog589

6 Apr 2012

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Once in the cytoplasm, mrna is able to react with a whole new set of cytoplasmic proteins which are factors in translation. Many of the proteins found in these mechanisms are gtp-binding and act as great switches which can be used to regulate translation levels of a protein. The genetic code indicates which amino acid should be added onto a growing polypeptide chain by a series of three nucleotides on an mrna molecule, known as the codon. Along with these codons is a start codon, aug, which codes for the initiation of translation and a stop codon, either uaa, uag or uga, which code for translational termination. Rna plays three important roles in proteins synthesis: They are synthesized by pol iii within the nucleus. An important processing of the trna occurs before it can be fully functional: the 5" end sequence s removed, a short intron is removed, a cca is added to the 3" end.

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1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

Match the following:

1	Region which lies upstream of thetranslation start site contains the Shine Dalgarno sequence
2	Sequence added to the 3' end of thepre-mRNA which affects mRNA stability
3	Establishes the reading frame andspecifies the first amino acid of the protein chain
4	DNA sequence that the transcriptionapparatus recognizes and binds to initiate transcription
5	Expressed sequences of DNA that arenot removed during alternative splicing
6	Signals the end of translation andthe protein molecule
7	Group of three nucleotides that codefor an amino acid
8	Site begins the coding region of thegene and is located 25-30 nucleotides downstream of the TATAbox
9	Non-coding sequences of DNA thatintervene within coding regions of a gene
	10 Ribosome binding site ineukaryotes; functions in the initiation of translation and mRNAstability
11	A sequence which lies downstream ofthe coding region of the gene; determines the location of the 3'cleavage site in the pre-mRNA molecule
12	Sequence of nucleotides at the 3' endof the mRNA that is not translated into protein; affects thetranslation and stability of the mRNA molecule

A.	5' untranslated region
B.	AAUAAA consensus sequence
C.	Promoter
D.	Transcription start site
E.	3' untranslated region
F.	Introns
G.	Initiation codon (AUG)
H.	Poly(A) tail
I.	5' cap
J.	Termination codon (UAA, UGA, UAG)
K.	Exons
L.	Sense codon

ivorymacaw91

Which of the following is true of the number of ATP/GTP required during translation?

A. Translation of a 9 Amino acid protein will require 9 ATP/GTP to initiate.

B. Translation of a 9 Amino acid protein will require 9 ATP/GTP to bring tRNAs with amino acids into the ribosome.

C. Translation of a 9 Amino acid protein will require 9 ATP/GTP to form peptide bonds.

D. Translation of a 9 Amino acid protein will require 9 ATP/GTP to translocate.

E. Translation of a 9 Amino acid protein will require 27 ATP/GTP total.

BIOL 200 Lecture Notes - Karyopherin, Aldehyde, Polytene Chromosome

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