BIOL 215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Umbrella Species, Biogeography, Insular Biogeography

21 views3 pages

greywater-buffalo920

11 Mar 2013

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Population: a group of individuals from one species that occupy the same space at the same time. In population biology, population will grow as a function of birth and immigration while population will decrease as a function of death and emigration. A variety of equations that allow you to move from move the size of a population at time t to the size of a population at t+1. Examine different types of species with different survivorship patterns (type 1, 2, 3). Different ways of summarizing the population vital statistics which are survivorship and reproduction. Equations for net reproductive rate, generation time, instantaneous rate of increase, and geometric growth. Understand the impact of net reproductive rate on the growth of a population will depend on the generation time (the time it takes between two generations). Those two equations allow us to calculate the instantaneous rate of increase in a population.

Related Questions

1. Life expectancies differ across populations. Life expectancy at birth in the U.S. is currently around 78 years (76 for males; 81 for females). Consider a population in which life expectancy at birth is 50. Given what you know about life history theory, discuss how this population would differ from the U.S. across the following life history characteristics: age at first marriage, age at first reproduction, total fertility (number of children born per female), length of time spent in school, and money spent on education. Be sure to support your predictions using life history theory.

2. The following data on interbirth interval (time between births), child survivorship, and percent of children married were collected to evaluate reproductive decisions within a population. Assuming a woman of this population has a 20-year reproductive span (maximum time available from first to last birth), use these data to 1) calculate the maximum number of live births a woman could have, and 2) determine the number of births that will lead to the highest fitness (surviving children who marry) if we assume that all married children will have the same number of offspring. To receive credit, you must show your work. Lastly, what are the implications of your results?

% child %

IBI (months) Survivorship ever married

12	0.6	0.4
15	0.64	0.47
18	0.68	0.54
21	0.72	0.61
24	0.76	0.68
27	0.8	0.75
30	0.84	0.82
33	0.88	0.89
36	0.88	0.96
39	0.89	0.96
42	0.9	0.96
45	0.91	0.96
48	0.92	0.96
51	0.93	0.96
54	0.94	0.96
57	0.95	0.96
60	0.96	0.96

Populations (Ecology)

â¢Whatâs the difference between a cohort and static life table and what are the difficulties with each? Be able to interpret data in a life table.

â¢ Be able to draw or interpret survivorship curves for different populations. What are the differences between the three types?

â¢ Why does population age structure matter?

â¢ What happened to Pablo Escobarâs hippos? What are some possible consequences? What might happen in the future?

â¢ What are exponential and geometric growth?

â¢ Be able to graph population size over time for a given growth rate (like figure 10.11).

â¢ Whatâs the difference between density dependent and density independent factors to limit growth? Give examples. Which one regulates population size? Why?

â¢ What is logistic growth? Explain how the growth rate changes at different population sizes. Be able to compare logistic and exponential growth.

â¢ What are the four factors that affect population size over time?

â¢ What are population cycles? What are some of the factors that drive them?

â¢ What is delayed density dependence and why does delayed density dependence cause populations to fluctuate? What factors affect these fluctuations? Be able to draw typical population fluctuation figures like fig. 11.10.

â¢ Whatâs the difference between stabilizing and destabilizing feedbacks? How do delayed feedbacks affect a stabilizing feedback?

â¢ How does population size affect the likelihood of extinction?

â¢ What is the Allee effect? How does it affect growth rate at different population densities? Draw a figure illustrating this.

ultramarineporcupine742

Are most invasive (exotic) species K-selected or r-selectedspecies? Explain your choice and why that makes sense in terms oftheir ecological success.

Briefly define a community and an ecosystem and describe how thetwo are interrelated.

Which of the following levels of organization are in order, fromsimplest to most complex.
a. population, organism, community, ecosystem
b. community, ecosystem, population,organism
c. organism, community, population, ecosystem
d. population, ecosystem, organism, community
e. organism, population, community, ecosystem

Mosses growing on bare rock will eventuallyhelp to create soil. These mosses are involved in ___succession.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary

If a farmer sprays a pesticide onto a field and kills half ofthe insect pests, he has caused a reduction in________.
a. field capacity
b. carrying capacity
c. population size
d. More than one of the above

What type of survivorship curve would you expect for a plantspecies in which only a few seeds are produced and most of thesesurvive to produce adult plants?
a. type I
b. type II
c. type III

An ecological niche is an organism's_______ in anecosystem.
a. location
b. habitat
c. resources
d. function

No matter how rapidly populations grow, they eventually reach alimit and begin to stabilize. This is called the______________.

Unicellular algae live in the tissues of coral animals. Thealgae provide food for the coral, while the coral provides a stablehome for the algae. This is an example of
a. Parasitism
b. Commensalism
c. Mutualism

The vast majority of energy taken into an ecosystemis____________.
a. converted into biomass by plants.
b. utilized by secondary consumers.
c. lost as heat.
d. used by the primary consumers.
e. concentrated in the decomposers.

A farmer is using an insecticide to treat his crops. While mostinsects do not survive their first exposure to the insecticide somehave a gene that enables them to survive. When these survivorsreproduce they will likely pass along this resistance to theiroffspring. This results in an increase in numbers of the insectsover time. Which of the following processes applies to thissurvival?
a. cloning
b. mutation
c. natural selection
d. genetic engineering

What is the ecological relationship between insects andcrops?
a. mutualism
b. competition
c. predation

Sea anemones growing on the backs of crabs without damaging thecrabs are an example of
a. Parasitism
b. Commensalism
c. Mutualism

Which of these is a population density-independent regulatingfactor?
a. Competition
b. Predation
c. Size of population
d. Weather
e. Resource availability

Producers are_________.
a. Autotrophs
b. Herbivores
c. Omnivores
d. Carnivores

If biological magnification occurs, the ___ will have thehighest levels of toxins in their systems.
a. producers
b. herbivores
c. primary carnivores
d. top carnivores

Given the amount of sunlight that hits the plants on our planet,and the ability of plants for rapid growth and reproduction, howcome we arenât all hip deep in dead plants?

peachlion740

BIOL 215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Umbrella Species, Biogeography, Insular Biogeography

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOL 215 Study Guide - Final Guide: Biodiversity Hotspot, Northern Hemisphere, Transpiration

BIOL 215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Generation Time, Net Reproduction Rate, Survivorship Curve

BIOL 215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Mountain Goat, Leslie Matrix, Exponential Growth

Related Questions