BIOL 304 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Stapes, Mutation, Hyomandibula
5 Mar 2018
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Gold atom natural kind: nothing can be different between one gold atom and another, same gold atom no matter where it is found (cid:858)natural kind(cid:859): can go into nature and find units that are immutable. Archetype: carus (1828) drew archetypal vertebrate, o(cid:449)(cid:374) took carus(cid:859)s ideas a(cid:374)d (cid:272)alled it the ar(cid:272)het(cid:455)pe, e(cid:454)te(cid:374)sio(cid:374) of goethe(cid:859)s urpfla(cid:374)ze to (cid:448)erte(cid:271)rate a(cid:374)i(cid:373)als. Owens archetype: vertebrae, head parts, pelvis, tail, drew a bunch of other vertebrates, showing similarities between the skeletal structures. Levels of examining homology: phenetic homology, taxic (phylogenetic) homology, biological homology, va(cid:374) vale(cid:374)"s (cid:862)co(cid:374)servatio(cid:374) of i(cid:374)for(cid:373)atio(cid:374)(cid:863) Phenetic homology: typological: form, how things look can be form of skeleton, organism, part, behavior of organism, region of the genome (a,t,g,c, topology: position and connectivity helps qualify different parts. Taxic (phylogenetic) homology shared derived characters: = synaptomorphy, characters must satisfy this criterion of phylogenetic congruence, orange circle is a taxic homology between species c and d.
