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BIOC 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Mammary Gland, Glycosaminoglycan, Mast Cell

Proteoglycans are composed of gag chains covalently linked to a core protein. Glycosaminoglycan (gag) chains occupy large amounts of space and form hydrated gels. Binds to membrane spanning integrins, collagen, fibrin, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (syndecans). Exists as a dimer linked by disulfide bonds. Are the major metazoan receptors for cell adhesion to. Play also roles in cell-cell adhesion (vertebrates) Have roles in development, immune responses, hemostasis, cancer and many more. Are associated with a number of human disorders. No homologues in procaryotes, plants or fungi. Caenorhabditis elegans: two alpha subunits and one beta subunit =&gt; form two integrins. Vertebrates have significantly expanded this set to 18 subunits and 8 subunits http://www. space. gc. ca. The mammalian integrin receptor family recognize ecm molecules recognize ig superfamily counter receptors: 18 alpha subunits, 8 beta subunits, 24 integrins. Integrins participate in: cell-matrix adhesion, cell-cell adhesion, cell aggregation. Integrin heterodimers: type i transmembrane proteins, most integrins: connected via intracellular anchor proteins to actin (except: 6 4)

Canada

Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Function

Biochemistry

Jason Young

McGill University

Molecular Biology

Which one of the following groups can be covalently attached to a protein in a living cell, insert into the hydrophobic interior of a membrane, and localize the protein to that membrane? A. An ester-linked C20:4 fatty acid B. A glycosylphosphatidylinositol at the C-terminus of the protein C. An acyl chain amide linked to the side chain of a lysine in the protein D. Diphosphatidylglycerol E. An ester-linked cholesterol molecule

The extracellular matrix of cartilage contains high concentrations glycosaminoglycan-linked proteoglycans. How do you suppose these proteoglycans help to establish a hydrated gel-like environment around the cell?

Puromycin is a powerful inhibitor of protein synthesis. It is an analog of the 3â end of aminoacyl tRNA. When puromycin is added to a cell-free system containing all the necessary machinery for protein synthesis, incomplete polypeptide chains are released from ribosomes. Each such chain has py y uromycin covalently attached to one end. a) Explain these results. b) To which end of the polypeptide chains would you expect the puromycin to be bound? Explain fully. c) Would you expect puromycin to bind to the A or P site on the ribosome, or to both? Explain fully.

BIOC 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Mammary Gland, Glycosaminoglycan, Mast Cell

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