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CHEM 181 Lecture Notes - Pectin, Brown Sugar, Hemicellulose

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harlequinmacaw120

8 May 2012

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McGill University

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CHEM 181 Full Course Notes

CHEM 181 Full Course Notes

Document Summary

Bellview hospital rats in the hospital. Life expectancy increases 3 years every decade. Life expectancy was ~47 years in 1900. Plumpy"nut is a high-protein, peanut based paste. It lasts a long time and doesn"t spoil. Fernando botero paintings people and food are large. Recombinant bovine growth hormone makes cows produce more milk. A lot of people are against this; milk contains fat. Ron howard, spike lee advertise for milk. There is fat in milk, thus advertising is still needed. Cooking with coconut oil for popcorn but a lot of fat: problem 10 years ago, equivalent to 2 big macs. Polyester of sucrose; you taste fat but don"t digest it. Super size me: 10% body fat to 18% body fat. The green kitchen cupboards from wheat straw, cutlery from corn, carpets from corn, aprons from hemp, etc. U. s. market for functional foods to grow steadily through 2010.

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Related Questions

Help with b-e would be appreciated - I'd like to check my answers before turning in. TY!

Genetically engineered streams of Essen eruvim colt have become essential tools in the production of recombinant human peptides and proteins. One of the first sub- the synthesized using engineered E coli was recombinant human insulin or humbling, for the treatment of people suffering from type I diabetes mellitus. A simple fiction scheme for the production of humbling is described below. Bacteria consume glucose under aerobe conditions, and produce humbling and biomass C_6 H_12 O_6 (glucose) + O_2 + NH_3 (ammonia) rightarrow C_2.3 H_2.8 O_1.8 N (humulene) + CH_1.9 O_0.3 N_0.3 (biomass) + CO_2 + H_2O A typical humbling production scheme consists of k. coli cultured in a large bioreactor. A continuous stream of media is fed into the reactor. A continuous products and unused reactants is removed from the bioreactor for further processing, including purification of the humbling for therapeutic use. Media containing glucose and ammonia is fed into the reactor at a rate of 100 L/hr; the concentrations of glucose and ammonia in that stream are 150 mM and 50 mM, respectively. Pure oxygen gas is sparked (i.e., bubbled) into the reactor at a rate of 100 mL/min. The exit flow rate of liquid containing biomass, product, and excess reactant is 100 I7hr. Assume that there is no it coagulation in the system. Assume that the reaction goes to completion. Write element balances for C, H, O, and N. Write two additional balance equations given the following information: The ratio of humbling to biomass production is 1:5. Solve for the stoichiometric coefficients to balance the equation. Determine the inlet molar flow rates of glucose, oxygen, and ammonia in mol/hr. In this bioreactor, temperature is V10 K and pressure is 1 atm. Determine the limiting reactant, the reaction rate tR), and the fractional conversion of glucose, Calculate the molar flow rates of all constituents leaving the bioreactor. The it sired output of the bioreactor is 1 kg/day of humbling. Can this output be achieved by increasing the oxygen flow rate.' Justify. Acetic acid (vinegar) can be produced via the reaction:

Genetically engineered strains of Escherichia coli have become essential tools in the production of recombinant human peptides and proteins. One of the first substances synthesiszed using engineered E. coli was recombinant human insulin, or humulin, for the treatment of people suffering from type I diabetes mellitus. A simple reaction scheme for the production of humulin is described below. Bacteria consume glucose under aerobic conditions, and produce humulin and biomass. C_6H_12O_6 (glucose) + O_2 +NH_3 (ammonia) rightarrow C_2.3 H_2.8O_1.8 N (humulin) + CH_1.9O_0.3 N_0.3 (biomass) + CO_2 + H_2O A typical humulin production scheme consists of E. coli cultured in a large bioreactor. A continuous stream of media is fed into the reactor. A continuous stream of products and unused reactants is removed from the bioreactor for further processing, including purification of the humulin for therapeutic use. Media containing glucose and ammonia is fed into the reactor at a rate of 100 L/hr; the concentrations of glucose and ammonia in that stream are 150 mM and 50 mM, respectively. Pure oxygen gas is sparged (i.e., bubbled) into the reactor at a rate of 100 mL/min. The exit flow rate of liquid containing biomass, product, and excess reactant is 100 L/hr. Assume that there is no accumulation in the system. Assume that the reaction goes to completion. Write element balances for C, H, O, and N. Write two additional balance equations given the following information: RQ = 0.5. The ratio of humulin to biomass production is 1:5. Solve for the stoichiometric coefficients to balance the equation. Determine the inlet molar flow rates of glucose, oxygen, and ammonia in mol/hr. In this bioreactor, temperature is 310 K and pressure is 1 atm. Determine the limiting reactant, the reaction rate (R), and the fractional conversion of glucose. Calculate the molar flow rates of all constituents leaving the bioreactor. The desired output of the bioreactor is 1 kg/day of humulin. Can this output he achieved by increasing the oxygen flow rate? Justify.

uestions 7. In the colorimetric determination of cholesterol the enzyme cholesterol oxidase, the agent that oxidi the colorless organic compound 4-aminoantipyrine a pink complex is a. Hydrogen peroxide bÂ·Cholest-4-ene-3-one . Which of the following methods for lipoprotein elec- trophoresis depends on charge and molecular size? b. Paper c. Cellulose acetate d. Agarose d. Phenol 2. Which of the following statements concerning chylomi- crons is FALSE? a. The major lipid transported by this lipoprotein is 8. Which lipoprotein is the major carrier of cholesterol to peripheral tissue? a. LDL b. Chylomicrons c. VLDL d. HDL cholesterol. b. This lipoprotein is produced in the intestinal c. The primary function is to carry dietary (exog d. It remains at the origin (point of application) dur- mucosa enous) lipids to the liver. ing lipoprotein electrophoresis. 9. True or false? Increased levels of apo A-I are associ- ated with increased risk of CAD 3. The lipoprotein that contains the greatest amount of protein is called a. HDL 10. A patient is admitted to the hospital with intense chest pains. The patient's primary care physician requests the emergency department doctor to orde several tests, including a lipid profile with chol fractionation.Given the patient's results below, what would be the LDL-C for this patient c. VLDL d. LDL 4. True or False? Pre-beta (VLDL)-lipoproteins migrate Total cholesterol- 400 mg/dL; triglycerides further toward the anode on polyacrylamide gel than HDLC - 100 mg/di LP electrophoresis, pending they do on cellulose acetate or agarose a. 240 mg/dL b. 160 mg/dL c. 200 mg/dL d. 300 mg/dL 5. Several enzymatic triglyceride methods measure the production or consumption of a. NADH b. Fatty acids c. Glycerol d. Diacetyl lutidine 11. A patient is admitted to the hospital wit chest pains. The patient's primry requests the emergency 6. The most likely cause for serum/plasma to appear several tests, including a lipid protile fractionation. Given the patient's resu below, what would be this patient s a "milky" is the presence of LDL-Cstatus 3u b. VLDL c. LDL d. HDL Total cholesterol 400 mg/dL; HDL-C = 100 mg/dL; LP electrop a. High b. Optimal c. Desirable d. Borderline