EDEE 280 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: French Revolution, Dual Monarchy, Protestantism
23 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Geography, History and Citizenship
-1755-early 19th century
—> Debates as to when the conquest is dated
-Conquest = seven years war
—> Had lasting affects (until this day)
-Constitutionalism (a degree of rights given to people, a democracy) = political
change introduced in 1791
-Territory: Land in blue (new France) they have a lot of land and it was the best
land for settlement. North and south of the great lakes and St Laurence are good
for settling. Green is British (13 colonies) not good for farming because it hits the
Appalachians. They wanted the land of the Ohio valley which was in the hands of
the French. Orange is Spain and Yellow is contested land. French believed
it belonged to them and English believed it belonged to them. That is
the reason why there were so many wars. They both tried to conquer
the territory and take it from each other. English was surrounded by the
French and the French were surrounded by the English. No matter where they
went they were in one another’s way. Reason why there was so much warfare.
English and French have been at war since the settlement of Quebec in 1608.
Sometimes English won and sometimes French won but it never changed
anything until the conquest occurred. French had a lot of territory, English
had less. English wanted to farm where the french were and the French
wanted the English land for fur.
-Population: New France fell because they had too much land to defend
and too few people to defend the land. In other words, the French weren’t
enough in population. The British have 2 advantages: more people and
less land to defend (made them stronger).
-Military: More people, less land made it easier to defend the land. More people
meant more soldiers. The French had to constantly rely on reinforcements from
France. The British didn't have to rely on reinforcements from Britain because
there were so many people in the 13 colonies prepared to defend for them.
-Government: Constitutionalism in the 13 colonies was already
established (local form of government). In New France all orders had
to come from the king (including military decisions) which need to be
made quickly and effectively. In new France they were made effectively but
not quick enough. In the 13 colonies it was effective and quick because they had
13 areas taking care of the orders. Quebec could not be mad because of
absolutism. Beneficial/advantage for the 13 colonies.
-Economy: Economy of 13 colonies was more diverse and developed. All
weapons had to come from France. The British could make their own
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
weapons and therefore had more weapons and a greater economy than
the french. Britain went on the offensive and defensive with a navy. With a
navy it is easier to bring in weapons beyond the ones that were already there.
The french didn't stand a chance.
-Expulsion of the acadians 1755: The French who were settled in new brunswick
and nova scotia were called acadians. The British deported the French
because the land belonged to them and they didn't want French
settlers. It had an impact on present day Quebec because if it had not
been for the expulsion, the French would have agreed on more
reasonable terms
-War of conquest
—> Seven years war 1756-1763
French lost:
-Ohio Valley 1758
-Louisbourg 1758
-Fort Frontenac 1758 renamed Kingston after the King
-Quebec (1759): Plains of Abraham Wolf and Montcalm both died.
-Capitulation of Montreal (1760): Montreal surrendered with a condition; if
the English promise not to expel or deport the French. British accepted
the surrender and moved their forces elsewhere. They knew they would win in
the end but the condition saved the French (the reason why they are still here
today). Strategy for the British not to waste their resources and so no more
casualties occur.
-Treaty of paris 1763: Signed in 1763 because neither New France nor the
English colonies had any authorities to sign a peace agreement. The French and
English continued to fight in other areas and the war ended in 1763. Therefore,
the peace was only able to began in 1763. The treaty of paris gave all
French lands in North America to Britain with the exception of 2 fishing
islands: St. pierre and Miquelon. Important fishing industry that the French
wanted to continue to participate in. The province of Quebec is how the British
called those lands where the french were settled within proximity. The province
of Quebec in 1763 was the smallest its ever been. Between 1760 and 1763 there
was military rule/government. If Montreal would have fallen in 1760 than
the British military would have made sure that the French respected
the articles of capitulation (that the French did not re-arm, remained
on their land with the sole purpose of farming for subsistence for food,
remained peaceful).
-End of military rule with the peace agreement
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
> debates as to when the conquest is dated. Constitutionalism (a degree of rights given to people, a democracy) = political change introduced in 1791. Territory: land in blue (new france) they have a lot of land and it was the best land for settlement. North and south of the great lakes and st laurence are good for settling. Green is british (13 colonies) not good for farming because it hits the. They wanted the land of the ohio valley which was in the hands of the french. Orange is spain and yellow is contested land. French believed it belonged to them and english believed it belonged to them. That is the reason why there were so many wars. They both tried to conquer the territory and take it from each other. French and the french were surrounded by the english. No matter where they went they were in one another"s way.
