EDEE 280 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Universal Suffrage, Stock Market, Emily Murphy
23 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Geography, History and Citizenship
-Industrialization
1) Phases of industrialization
2) Prosperity and depression
3) Politics and parties
-Phases:
-First Britain then Europe
-Industrial revolution
-Britain’s advantage
-Political stability: Nothing happens in a state of insecurity or instability.
If society is not politically safe then all their energies go to assuring security
rather than achieving economically. Britain achieved stability by establishing a
strong contrition and by the bill of rights.
—> Glorious revolution (1688) and bill of rights (1689): People achieved a goal
of stability.
-Demographic growth: Certain amount of people to provide the basic
necessities of life and more people to provide the products of
industrialization. In Britain there was a demographic increase which posed a
problem that industrialization solved. Lifespan of average person in an
industrialized world was shortened rather than lengthened. Given the
growth of the population, if it wasn't for industrialization, people would've
suffered even more than they did.
—> Urbanization: Not enough work on the farm for people to live and
earn a living. People left the country and went to the city to look for
work (thanks to industrialization). The factories were in the cities
because they required a high concentration of people (unlike the
farms). Provided a source of labour.
-Economic progress: The farmers had to produce a yield a hundred times what
they were previously able to do. This happened with the help of the
technological advancements and improvements.
—> Agriculture, markets: Mill (runs on steam which expands)
-Technological advances
—> Manufacturing, energy, transportation
-Spread of industrialization to the continent: Britain was the first then:
-Belgium - mining: coal mining (worst job). Average life span was shortened
due to the amount of people who died in the coal mines (flooding, dust).
Very dangerous work, very harsh conditions. Belgium’s advantage mining is
natural.
-Prussia - Zollverein: The trade area (man made). So small and divided it wasn't
benefitting from its many markets. Germany’s unification was political first.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
-First phase of industrialization (late 19th century)
-1867 confederation: political stability
-Democratic growth: many immigrants came to Canada. Britain’s population
growth was natural (having children) and ours was from migration.
-Economic, agriculture and markets: We started to produce a lot of wheat and
we used land that couldn't grow anything where cows can eat the grass and
make milk (increase in dairy products)
-Major industries
-Agriculture: allowed us to begin manufacturing. When there was no more
available farm land (it was all being put to good use) people moved into the city
looking for work.
-Manufacturing: National policy, immigration and protective tariffs. Brought to the
port and then brought to the rest of the world.
-Transportation: Needed a transportation infrastructure because our companies
were producing so many goods. We manufactured all the necessities of life
(clothes from the factories, food from the farms)
-Society
-Pictures available as cameras were invented as Canada was industrializing
-Working conditions: pay was so low some people were having children in
order to gain an increase in income. Often, some places only wanted to
hire women and children (because they had no rights, they were easy
to abuse, and were energetic). Men with the rights weren't around to
protect the women and children (paternalism). Men had so many
privileges they were expected to protect women & children (norm). Children
were small (children were therefore in high demand) because they
could fit inside the machines if they ever broke. Shoes could damage the
machines (couldn’t wear any to work) - little protection and a lot of abuse
towards children. Factories were very dirty and dangerous.
-Living conditions: Living conditions just as bad as factories. Very dirty
(no plumbing, no water going in or out (no hygiene), disease, no modern
comfort, buildings collapsing, no garbage pickup) and dangerous. If work
didn't kill you, living conditions might. Children couldn't vote and that
is their biggest right to freedom. Women didn't have any rights and
couldn't vote. Some men couldn't vote either (had to own property).
Universal suffrage (give men the right to vote regardless of if they
owned property) took about 25 years.
-Socialism: concept that applies the strength in numbers (people). No man,
women or child can improve working conditions but a society could. No worker
alone could improve the conditions but a collection of workers can (a
union).
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Industrialization: phases of industrialization, prosperity and depression, politics and parties. Political stability: nothing happens in a state of insecurity or instability. If society is not politically safe then all their energies go to assuring security rather than achieving economically. Britain achieved stability by establishing a strong contrition and by the bill of rights. > glorious revolution (1688) and bill of rights (1689): people achieved a goal of stability. Demographic growth: certain amount of people to provide the basic necessities of life and more people to provide the products of industrialization. In britain there was a demographic increase which posed a problem that industrialization solved. Lifespan of average person in an industrialized world was shortened rather than lengthened. Given the growth of the population, if it wasn"t for industrialization, people would"ve suffered even more than they did. > urbanization: not enough work on the farm for people to live and earn a living.
