EDEE 280 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Child Benefit, Pierre Laporte, James Bay Project

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Geography, History and Citizenship
Quebec’s quiet revolution
1. The Duplessis years
2. The reforms of the 1960s
3. FLQ crisis
1) The Duplessis years (1936-39, 1944-59): Duplessis has a very bad reputation
now but had a good reputation in the past
Religion: religious time, secularism was a result of the 1960s.
-Roman catholic church was extremely influential in Quebec
-Influenced household decisions: all decisions were made religiously. Duplessis
was so popular because if the vote was on a Monday, the parish priest told the
people how to vote on Sunday. Separation of church and state did not exist at
this time. They supported one another.
-Ran the education system: Education was run by the church. Duplessis did
not make any decisions that dealt with education because he gave the
responsibility to the church.
-Controlled hospitals, institutions, unions, etc: all french institutions that
existed had a catholic name and if they didn't they were still ran by the
catholic church. The secular places had the name royal in their name in
honour of the king or queen.
-Valued traditional way of life: very strict rules (ex. street cars = busses ran to
and from downtown to bring people to work). They did not run on Sunday
because to get downtown you had to get on a street car. By walking
distance you can get to a church. They did not want the people to go to
bars or clubs so they made it difficult for them to get there. However,
nobody complained. People did not want the street cars put on Sunday
because people wanted to see their churches full (their way of life).
-Protestant church in Quebec and Canada was more progressive: did not give
their institutions or hospitals religious names. Protestant not as
religious as Catholic society.
The Duplessis years
-Quebec’s political science was dominated by Maurice Duplessis (charismatic,
persuasive speaker and had the church, people and his own ability to back
himself up) and the Union national (UN) - 1936-1939 and 1944-1959
-Duplessis opposed federal involvement in Quebec affairs: Rene Levesque
tried to take Quebec out of Canada and Duplessis wanted to keep
Canada out of Quebec. He was an autonomous not a separatist. He
wanted no Canadian influence in Quebec. Was in alliance with the
church (old school/old fashioned leader)
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Women’s issues
-Women and the Quebec vote (1940): Liberal elected (Adelard Godbout) passed
a number of liberal laws that destroyed the reputation of the liberals.
Indigenous peoples
-The vote is extended to aboriginals in BC (1949), Canada (1960) and Quebec
(1969)
-Duplessis’ (Le chef-nobody apposing him however, not a dictator) approach to
politics as well as his policies were questionable by today’s standards:
-Little government intervention and a balanced budget: he didn't like
to spend and therefore rarely spend more than he took in, in taxes. No
such thing as debt at this time. The church had to provide spending for
health and education. He spend a lot on the country (especially
infrastructure-roads, electrical distribution) because he was more
supported than in the city.
-Favoured big business and was anti-union: hated unions for a number
of reasons because historically catholic church never liked unions. Pro
church and pro business but against unions.
-Refused to accept federal money
-Opposed federal attempts to centralize power: hated the federal government
and overtime they wanted to transfer money to the provinces every province
agreed except for Quebec. They couldn't accept because if they take the money
and tell the church how to run their hospitals or schools it would cause tension/
opposition between them.
-Supported the Church’s position, role and control over its institutions -
in return, the church supported the UN
-Nationalist tendencies included:
-Quebec flag, the Fleur de Lys, adopted (1948): complete opposite of the
Canadian flag. Very symbolic and ironic that it is still used today
(represents little of what the government is today). It represents
Duplessis. Blue is the colour of conservatism and red is the colour of
liberalism. The Quebec flag has a white cross; representing Catholicism
and the blue cross representing Protestantism. The four emblems is the
symbol of power more specifically the French power (adopted by Louis
the 14th). Canada doesn't have a religious symbol but a secular one
(the maple leaf). It represents what Canada is.
-Provincial income taxes to benefit social programs (1954): provincial instead of
federal. Federal government did not collect taxes.
-Patronage - rewards for political favours: bribed many people/places
(church, businesses). Today it is called corruption. At the time it was the way the
government functioned.
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Document Summary

Quebec"s quiet revolution: the duplessis years, the reforms of the 1960s, flq crisis, the duplessis years (1936-39, 1944-59): duplessis has a very bad reputation now but had a good reputation in the past. Religion: religious time, secularism was a result of the 1960s. Roman catholic church was extremely influential in quebec. Influenced household decisions: all decisions were made religiously. Duplessis was so popular because if the vote was on a monday, the parish priest told the people how to vote on sunday. Separation of church and state did not exist at this time. Ran the education system: education was run by the church. Duplessis did not make any decisions that dealt with education because he gave the responsibility to the church. Controlled hospitals, institutions, unions, etc: all french institutions that existed had a catholic name and if they didn"t they were still ran by the catholic church.

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