ENVB 437 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Nasal Congestion, Serotype, Antigenic Drift
4 Jun 2018
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Eukaryotic cells and viruses - Lecture 1 (January 8th 2018)
Slide 1 – Influenza
- flu season peaks in February
Slide 2 - Why is influenza interesting?
- sin curve for the peaks in winter where flu is prevalent
- 6th cause of death in Canada
o usually due to a secondary pneumonia
o similar to HIV (opportunistic pathogen)
- this is epidemic flue
- in pandemic flu, there is a greater propensity for the virus to cause destruction of the alveoli
Slide 6 - Influenza
- seasonal influenza
o globally associated with 250,000 to .5m per year or less
o in the USA (per year)
▪ 35,000 deaths (about 200 in Canada)
▪ >200,000 hospitalizations
▪ $37.5billion in economic cost (influenza and pneumonia
o intervention may be required to treat secondary infection
o ex: ventilation to help breathing by lungs
- pandemic influenza
o an ever present threat
o the last pandemic was in 2009
Slide 7 - Pneumonia and influenza mortality by age
- usually very young people and very old people are more susceptible
- young people's immune system is not fully established
- older people tend to die of influenza (vaccination is important)
- in a pandemic flu, it is more common that the opposite age group (mid 20s - 35ish) die from influenza-
related reasons
Slide 9 - modes of transmission
- Droplet transmission (coughing)
- Air-borne transmission
- Contact
Sneeze:
- material from a sneeze travels 2-3m at a velocity of 150km/h
- a single sneeze releases up to 40,000 droplets
Slide 10 - Airborne tmission
o airborne transmission occurs when viruses travel on dust particles of small respiratory droplets that
may become aerosolized when people sneeze, cough, laugh, or exhale
o ◦ they can be suspended in the air much like invisible smoke
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Eukaryotic cells and viruses - lecture 1 (january 8th 2018) Slide 1 influenza flu season peaks in february. Slide 2 - why is influenza interesting? sin curve for the peaks in winter where flu is prevalent. 6th cause of death in canada: usually due to a secondary pneumonia, similar to hiv (opportunistic pathogen) this is epidemic flue in pandemic flu, there is a greater propensity for the virus to cause destruction of the alveoli. Material from a sneeze travels 2-3m at a velocity of 150km/h a single sneeze releases up to 40,000 droplets. Slide 11 - contact transmission two types: direct: involves body-to-body surface contact indirect: occurs via contact with contaminated hands, or inanimate objects. i. e countertops, door knobs, telephones, towels, money, clothing, dishes, books, needles, etc. Slide 14 - pathogenesis because it is spread in aerosols, it is very easy for it to get around: very efficient, difficult to avoid.
