EPSC 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Seismic Refraction, Biomineralization, Reflection Seismology
2 Mar 2016
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*see velocity model of earth blue/red as slow and fast. Seismic velocities can be curved out: curved rays in a mantle whose density increases gradually with depth. Internal structure of earth (p-wave velocity in km/s) Evidence for a liquid core: p-wave behavior, s-wave behavior. Definition of a mineral: a naturally occurring solid, formed by geological processes, that has a crystalline structure and definable chemical composition. What is a mineral: naturally occurring: natural processes create a true mineral. Minerals are solids, not liquids or gases: they have a crystalline structure. Atoms in a mineral are arranged in a specific order. This atomic pattern is called a crystal lattice. A solid with disordered atoms is called a glass; lacking crystalline structure, glasses are not minerals: they have a definite elemental composition: minerals can be defined by a chemical formula. Two types: simple (ice h2o, calcite - caco3, quartz. Sio2) and complex (biotite k[mg, fe]3[alsi3o10][oh]2 for example: they are mostly inorganic.
