EXMD 509 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Carbohydrate, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Immunodeficiency

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The intestinal surface is enhanced by finger-like villi. Maldigestion is a defect in the hydrolysis of nutrients. Starch, sucrose and lactose comprise 85% of ingested carbs. Carb malabsorption caused by: absolute or functional decreased mucosal surface area, decreased disaccharidases or transporters. Non-absorbed carbs increase osmolality in the lumen and water will enter it to maintain an isosmotic state. Non-absorbed carbs are then fermented by colonic bacteria. The target for damage by gluten is the proximal si (end of duodenum and jejenum: end stage of coeliac disease is carb malabsorption. Can happen normally with age as lactase concentration decreases. Fat absorption requires competent pancreas, liver, si and lymphatics. Triglycerides are the major form of dietary fat. Pancreatic lipase is the major hydrolytic enzyme and breaks down tgs into fas and beta monoglycerol: optimal ph is 8. It can be inactivated by overproduction of acid. Hepatic derived conjugated bile salts combine with these constituents to form micelles which enter enterocytes.

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