FDSC 230 Lecture Notes - Octane Rating, Internal Combustion Engine, Eth
8 Jan 2013
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The heat of combustion is the amount of heat liberated when burned. Branched hydrocarbons are best for internal combustion engines (high octane rating) Constitutional isomers have the same formula but different bonds. Stereoisomers have the same atoms and bonds, but a different 3d orientation cis- on the same side, trans- on opposite sides of a carbon chain. In cycloalkanes, give alphabetical priority to substituents (or oh) for #1. Meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, sept-, oct- non-, dec- -yl. Use pre-prefixes (di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa, nona-, deca-) For branched alkyl groups, numbering starts on the attached c. Halogens are treated as substituents: fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- Bicyclic chains are fused, with the prefix biciclo- Meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, sept-, oct- non-, dec- -ane, -ene, -yne. When compounds have more than one functional group, we must prioritize them. Carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, amine, ester, alkene, alkyne.
