GEOG 216 Lecture Notes - Externality, Selective Breeding

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All external condits, abiotic + biotic (non-living + living) that affect an organism/grp of organisms. Naturally occurring substances that humans regard as useful/necess in econ sense. Ex: ppl, plants, animals + geological structures: mountains, water sheds. Depend on human perception, attitudes + behaviours, new techs + prices. Capable of self-replenishing/can be replenished by human action. Once used, are not replenished naturally/take hundreds-millions of yrs to replenish. Renewability depends on use level + human investment. Solar energy, tidal + wind power, water resources. Limited ability to make accurate, timely prediction of environmental impacts: not sustainable, assumes: No substitutes for critical capital (ex: ozone layer: sustainable, assumes: Value change to less consumption + more recycling. Resolution to mineral exhaustion through price structure, product substit, tech gains. Resolution of negative impacts by pollution controls, econ instruments (ex: emission charges) Fiscal incentives (heavy consumers pay more than light consumers, can happen globally) Generally sufficient gl/production but mal/undernourished pops exist.

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