Industrialization and Urbanization
Montreal jumped from 219,616 residents in 1891 to 490,504 residents in 1911
Industrial Revolution
–The rapid process of economic change through the application of mechanical processes to
traditional forms of manufacture
–A shift from human and animal power to mechanical power (hydraulic, steam, gas, and electric)
Speeds up work. Greater investment necessary
–Transformation of social relations around work
–A restructuring of spacial organizations of cities
–Rise of low skill jobs which contrary to previous methods, would no take ten years to master
–The new relationship around work would be constructed around the wage, they would get a small
amount of training and their wage
–Children would not be trained for a job, but were seen as cheap labor
–In the 19th century, most people worked down the hill, in the old city
–The people who owned the factories moved up the hill into the golden square mile
–Industrial establishments became larger and larger forcing people to set up their factories in
cheaper areas (Result being that the working people moved towards the factory where they
worked)
–Montreal was the first place that industrialized in the 1840's, along the side of the canal.
–This was done because new Hydroelectric technology was being developed along the Canal,
creating power, capable of powering the factory.
–Quebec city and St-john's New Brunswick were also quite industrialized due to their large ship
building industries.
–They would decline with the development of steam engine ships
–Grand Trunk Shops, where they made the entire railway, from locomotives to the tracks.
–Industrial expansion in canada began quite slowly
–There was a slow down due to the global depression in 1873.
–John A. MacDonald created a lot of small industries with tariff protection
–Many of the first industries were locally owned and financed.
–Sleeman's Brewery 1870's
–founded in 1847 by John Sleeman
–brewery established in Guelph
–attractive place to establish a brewery because of agriculture
–good for malt
–lots of water
–Hotels were interested in the product
–When the Grand Trunk railway arrived, it was even better for the Brewery
–George Sleeman, John's son, would take on many technological problems
–he would transform the brewery to run on steam, making more consistent brewing and
producing more beer
–1870's cooling devices were added to the process
–the major leap which would put Sleeman in line with the Molson's, was a change to electrical
power (1890)
–Never gained a national market and in 1908, large breweries began buying smaller breweries