LSCI 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Trans Fat, Vitamin K, Triglyceride

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Energy storage -reduced compounds have lots of available energy. Signaling molecules- hormones (steroids), vitamins a and d (hormone precursors) Cofactors for enzymes- vitamin k (blood clot formation) Prostaglandins- synthesized from fatty acids but do not contain fatty acids. Amphipathic molecules with hydrocarbon chains containing 3 to 35 carbons and carboxylic acid group. The pka of the cooh group is <5. At ph 7, fatty acids are fully ionized. Almost all natural fatty acids have an even number of carbons. Can be saturated (no double bonds) or unsaturated (with double bonds) with bends. Saturated fatty acids are more packed and have higher melting points. All naturally occurring double-bonds are cis-configuration (not trans) Trans fatty acids form by partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids and cis- double bond isomerization to trans-double bonds. Physical properties are defined by their hydrocarbon chain length and degree of saturation. Acylglycerols formed by a condensation reaction of one glycerol and 1, 2 or 3 fatty acids.

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