LING 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Agglutinative Language, Isolating Language, Reduplication
23 Jun 2018
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Rare: VOS (Malagasy), OVS, OSV
Word order universals
A number of facts follow from the basic dominant word order. One is following “word order
universal”:
If language…
Prepositions vs postpositions
The directionality parameter
The order of head and complement is (usually) uniform across categories in a single language
Head initial languages - the head is left and the complement is on the right
Head final languages - the compliment is pronounced first, comes left of the head and the head
is the final thing
Head initial setting
Word order universal: if VO then PREpositional
Head final setting
word order universal: if OV then Postpositional
The wh-movemet parameter
Interrogatives
wh-movement languages
Wh-in situ languages
-Word order is universal: one is the following “word order universal”
a number of facts follow from the basic dominant word order
if a language is …. ( check power point)
preposition (ex: english) vs postpositions ( ex turkish)—- the hierarchical structure is the same
but the order is different
The directionality parameter:
- The order of head and complement is uniform across categories in a single language:
1. Head-initial languages —> the head linearly precedes is compliment. It selects it’s NP.
2. Head-final language --> compliment is first so it comes left of the head
—> if this is true then it makes sense that our word order is universal
Head-initial setting: if VO then prepositional (prepositions like from)
Head-final setting:
-The VP is head final and then PP is head final
-If OV then postpositional
-Principles vs parameters: principles are fixed and universal across all languages, parameters is
where languages differ
The Wh-movement parameter:
- Is if a language has interrogatives
-There's wh-movement language and wh- in situ languages (e.g. Japanese)
-Wh-in situ languages typically possess a Q-morpheme (question morpheme)
Null subject parameters:
-It says that subject pronouns must be pronounced (overt) or silent (unpronounced)
-Null subject languages do not exhibit expletive pronouns
E.g. It rained, it seems that Frank lied to us (The word it which doesn't refer to anything, doesn't
exist in Italian or Spanish)
Word Order is universals: One is the following "word order universal"
- A number of facts follow from the basic dominant word order.
- If a language is… (check power-point)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
A number of facts follow from the basic dominant word order. The order of head and complement is (usually) uniform across categories in a single language. Head initial languages - the head is left and the complement is on the right. Head final languages - the compliment is pronounced first, comes left of the head and the head is the final thing. Head final setting word order universal: if ov then postpositional. The order of head and complement is uniform across categories in a single language: head-initial languages > the head linearly precedes is compliment. It selects it"s np: head- nal language --> compliment is rst so it comes left of the head. > if this is true then it makes sense that our word order is universal. Head-initial setting: if vo then prepositional (prepositions like from) The vp is head nal and then pp is head nal.
