LING 330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Rhotic Consonant, Spectrogram, Sonorant
Document Summary
Laminar flow = predictable movement of particles, little collision; property of complex periodic waves (e. g. , vowels, approximants) Turbulent flow = chaotic/unpredictable movement of particles, frequent collision; aperiodic waves (e. g. , frication noise, aspiration) Note: in speech production, the laminar airflow has some turbulence. Thumb over the opening of the hose (spraying in every direction): turbulent/chaotic flow. Stopping airflow: [p t k b d g ] Constricting airflow to create turbulence: [f v s z. Spectrogram has uniform grey scale at various frequencies. Diverting airflow to another (nasal) resonator: [m n ] Spectrogram shows formant tracks, but lighter grey than for vowels. Liquidswaveform has less energy than vowels, but more than nasals. Glideswaveform similar to vowels with lots of energy. Spectrogram similar to vowels, but with sharp changes in frequency. Oral sounds: the velum is raised; the air escapes through the oral cavity only (=velic closure) Nasal sounds: the velum is lowered; the air escapes primarily through the nasal cavity (=velic opening)
