MGCR 222 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Industrial Revolution, Scientific Management, Job Design
Document Summary
1801: eli whitney, public demonstration of mass production (assembly line) 1832: charles babbage, inventor of one of the earlies forms of the mathematical computer, published a treatise advocating a scientific approach to organization and management and emphasizing the importance of planning and an appropriate division of labour. Unity of command: an employee should reveive orders from one and only one superior. Span of control: the number of people reporting to one superior must not be so large that it creates problems of communication and coordination. Staff and line: staff personnle can provide valuable advisory services but must be careful not to violate the line of authority. Initiative: to be encouraged at all levels of the organization. Division of work: management should aim to acheive a degree of specialization designed to acheive the goal of the organization in an efficient mannar. Centralization of authority: always present in some degree, this must vary to optimize the use of faculties of personnel.
